Convert a Unicode string to a string in Python (containing extra symbols)

Here is an example:

>>> u = u'€€€'
>>> s = u.encode('utf8')
>>> s
'xe2x82xacxe2x82xacxe2x82xac'

Well, if you’re willing/ready to switch to Python 3 (which you may not be due to the backwards incompatibility with some Python 2 code), you don’t have to do any converting; all text in Python 3 is represented with Unicode strings, which also means that there’s no more usage of the u'<text>' syntax. You also have what are, in effect, strings of bytes, which are used to represent data (which may be an encoded string).

http://docs.python.org/3.1/whatsnew/3.0.html#text-vs-data-instead-of-unicode-vs-8-bit

(Of course, if you’re currently using Python 3, then the problem is likely something to do with how you’re attempting to save the text to a file.)

If you have a Unicode string, and you want to write this to a file, or other serialised form, you must first encode it into a particular representation that can be stored. There are several common Unicode encodings, such as UTF-16 (uses two bytes for most Unicode characters) or UTF-8 (1-4 bytes / codepoint depending on the character), etc. To convert that string into a particular encoding, you can use:

>>> s= u'£10'
>>> s.encode('utf8')
'xc2x9c10'
>>> s.encode('utf16')
'xffxfex9cx001x000x00'

This raw string of bytes can be written to a file. However, note that when reading it back, you must know what encoding it is in and decode it using that same encoding.

When writing to files, you can get rid of this manual encode/decode process by using the codecs module. So, to open a file that encodes all Unicode strings into UTF-8, use:

import codecs
f = codecs.open('path/to/file.txt','w','utf8')
f.write(my_unicode_string)  # Stored on disk as UTF-8

Do note that anything else that is using these files must understand what encoding the file is in if they want to read them. If you are the only one doing the reading/writing this isn’t a problem, otherwise make sure that you write in a form understandable by whatever else uses the files.

In Python 3, this form of file access is the default, and the built-in open function will take an encoding parameter and always translate to/from Unicode strings (the default string object in Python 3) for files opened in text mode.

You can use encode to ASCII if you don’t need to translate the non-ASCII characters:

>>> a=u"aaaàçççñññ"
>>> type(a)
<type 'unicode'>
>>> a.encode('ascii','ignore')
'aaa'
>>> a.encode('ascii','replace')
'aaa???????'
>>>

>>> text=u'abcd'
>>> str(text)
'abcd'

If the string only contains ascii characters.

Here is an example code

import unicodedata    
raw_text = u"here $%6757 dfgdfg"
convert_text = unicodedata.normalize('NFKD', raw_text).encode('ascii','ignore')

No answere worked for my case, where I had a string variable containing unicode chars, and no encode-decode explained here did the work.

If I do in a Terminal

echo "no me llama mucho la atenciu00f3n"

or

python3
>>> print("no me llama mucho la atenciu00f3n")

The output is correct:

output: no me llama mucho la atención

But working with scripts loading this string variable didn’t work.

This is what worked on my case, in case helps anybody:

string_to_convert = "no me llama mucho la atenciu00f3n"
print(json.dumps(json.loads(r'"%s"' % string_to_convert), ensure_ascii=False))
output: no me llama mucho la atención

file contain unicode-esaped string

"message": "\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f .....",

for me

 f = open("56ad62-json.log", encoding="utf-8")
 qq=f.readline() 

 print(qq)                          
 {"log":"message": "\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f"}

(qq.encode().decode("unicode-escape").encode().decode("unicode-escape")) 
# '{"log":"message": "Авторизация пользователя"}n'

There is a library that can help with Unicode issues called ftfy. Has made my life easier.

Example 1

import ftfy
print(ftfy.fix_text('ünicode'))

output -->
ünicode

Example 2 – UTF-8

import ftfy
print(ftfy.fix_text('xe2x80xa2'))

output -->
•

Example 3 – Unicode
code point

import ftfy
print(ftfy.fix_text(u'u2026'))

output -->
…

https://ftfy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

pip install ftfy

https://pypi.org/project/ftfy/

This is my function

import unicodedata
def unicode_to_ascii(note):
    str_map = {'Š' : 'S', 'š' : 's', 'Đ' : 'D', 'đ' : 'd', 'Ž' : 'Z', 'ž' : 'z', 'Č' : 'C', 'č' : 'c', 'Ć' : 'C', 'ć' : 'c', 'À' : 'A', 'Á' : 'A', 'Â' : 'A', 'Ã' : 'A', 'Ä' : 'A', 'Å' : 'A', 'Æ' : 'A', 'Ç' : 'C', 'È' : 'E', 'É' : 'E', 'Ê' : 'E', 'Ë' : 'E', 'Ì' : 'I', 'Í' : 'I', 'Î' : 'I', 'Ï' : 'I', 'Ñ' : 'N', 'Ò' : 'O', 'Ó' : 'O', 'Ô' : 'O', 'Õ' : 'O', 'Ö' : 'O', 'Ø' : 'O', 'Ù' : 'U', 'Ú' : 'U', 'Û' : 'U', 'Ü' : 'U', 'Ý' : 'Y', 'Þ' : 'B', 'ß' : 'Ss', 'à' : 'a', 'á' : 'a', 'â' : 'a', 'ã' : 'a', 'ä' : 'a', 'å' : 'a', 'æ' : 'a', 'ç' : 'c', 'è' : 'e', 'é' : 'e', 'ê' : 'e', 'ë' : 'e', 'ì' : 'i', 'í' : 'i', 'î' : 'i', 'ï' : 'i', 'ð' : 'o', 'ñ' : 'n', 'ò' : 'o', 'ó' : 'o', 'ô' : 'o', 'õ' : 'o', 'ö' : 'o', 'ø' : 'o', 'ù' : 'u', 'ú' : 'u', 'û' : 'u', 'ý' : 'y', 'ý' : 'y', 'þ' : 'b', 'ÿ' : 'y', 'Ŕ' : 'R', 'ŕ' : 'r'}
    for key, value in str_map.items():
        note = note.replace(key, value)
    asciidata = unicodedata.normalize('NFKD', note).encode('ascii', 'ignore')
    return asciidata.decode('UTF-8')

I have made the following function which lets you control what to keep according to the General_Category_Values in Unicode (https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr44/#General_Category_Values)

def FormatToNameList(name_str):
    import unicodedata
    clean_str = ''
    for c in name_str:
        if unicodedata.category(c) in ['Lu','Ll']:
            clean_str += c.lower()
            print('normal letter: ',c)
        elif unicodedata.category(c) in ['Lt','Lm','Lo']:
            clean_str += c
            print('special letter: ',c)
        elif unicodedata.category(c) in ['Nd']:
            clean_str += c
            print('normal number: ',c)
        elif unicodedata.category(c) in ['Nl','No']:
            clean_str += c
            print('special number: ',c)
        elif unicodedata.category(c) in ['Cc','Sm','Zs','Zl','Zp','Pc','Pd','Ps','Pe','Pi','Pf','Po']:
            clean_str += ' '
            print('space or symbol: ',c)
        else:
            print('other: ',' : ',c,' unicodedata.category: ',unicodedata.category(c))    
    name_list = clean_str.split(' ')
    return clean_str, name_list
if __name__ == '__main__':
     u = 'some3^?"Weirdstr '+ chr(231) + chr(0x0af4)
     [clean_str, name_list] = FormatToNameList(u)
     print(clean_str)
     print(name_list)

See also https://docs.python.org/3/howto/unicode.html