How do I disable the security certificate check in Python requests
Question:
I am using
import requests
requests.post(url='https://foo.example', data={'bar':'baz'})
but I get a request.exceptions.SSLError.
The website has an expired certficate, but I am not sending sensitive data, so it doesn’t matter to me.
I would imagine there is an argument like ‘verifiy=False’ that I could use, but I can’t seem to find it.
Answers:
From the documentation:
requests
can also ignore verifying the SSL certificate if you set
verify
to False.
>>> requests.get('https://kennethreitz.com', verify=False)
<Response [200]>
If you’re using a third-party module and want to disable the checks, here’s a context manager that monkey patches requests
and changes it so that verify=False
is the default and suppresses the warning.
import warnings
import contextlib
import requests
from urllib3.exceptions import InsecureRequestWarning
old_merge_environment_settings = requests.Session.merge_environment_settings
@contextlib.contextmanager
def no_ssl_verification():
opened_adapters = set()
def merge_environment_settings(self, url, proxies, stream, verify, cert):
# Verification happens only once per connection so we need to close
# all the opened adapters once we're done. Otherwise, the effects of
# verify=False persist beyond the end of this context manager.
opened_adapters.add(self.get_adapter(url))
settings = old_merge_environment_settings(self, url, proxies, stream, verify, cert)
settings['verify'] = False
return settings
requests.Session.merge_environment_settings = merge_environment_settings
try:
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.simplefilter('ignore', InsecureRequestWarning)
yield
finally:
requests.Session.merge_environment_settings = old_merge_environment_settings
for adapter in opened_adapters:
try:
adapter.close()
except:
pass
Here’s how you use it:
with no_ssl_verification():
requests.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.example/')
print('It works')
requests.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.example/', verify=True)
print('Even if you try to force it to')
requests.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.example/', verify=False)
print('It resets back')
session = requests.Session()
session.verify = True
with no_ssl_verification():
session.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.example/', verify=True)
print('Works even here')
try:
requests.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.example/')
except requests.exceptions.SSLError:
print('It breaks')
try:
session.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.example/')
except requests.exceptions.SSLError:
print('It breaks here again')
Note that this code closes all open adapters that handled a patched request once you leave the context manager. This is because requests maintains a per-session connection pool and certificate validation happens only once per connection so unexpected things like this will happen:
>>> import requests
>>> session = requests.Session()
>>> session.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.example/', verify=False)
/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py:857: InsecureRequestWarning: Unverified HTTPS request is being made. Adding certificate verification is strongly advised. See: https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html#ssl-warnings
InsecureRequestWarning)
<Response [200]>
>>> session.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.example/', verify=True)
/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py:857: InsecureRequestWarning: Unverified HTTPS request is being made. Adding certificate verification is strongly advised. See: https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html#ssl-warnings
InsecureRequestWarning)
<Response [200]>
Use requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings()
and verify=False
on requests
methods.
import requests
from urllib3.exceptions import InsecureRequestWarning
# Suppress only the single warning from urllib3 needed.
requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings(category=InsecureRequestWarning)
# Set `verify=False` on `requests.post`.
requests.post(url='https://example.com', data={'bar':'baz'}, verify=False)
If you want to send exactly post request with verify=False option, fastest way is to use this code:
import requests
requests.api.request('post', url, data={'bar':'baz'}, json=None, verify=False)
To add to Blender’s answer, you can disable SSL certificate validation for all requests using Session.verify = False
import requests
session = requests.Session()
session.verify = False
session.post(url='https://example.com', data={'bar':'baz'})
Note that urllib3
, (which Requests uses), strongly discourages making unverified HTTPS requests and will raise an InsecureRequestWarning
.
Also can be done with a environment variable:
export CURL_CA_BUNDLE=""
If you are writing a scraper and really don’t care about the SSL certificate you can set it global:
import ssl
ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context
DO NOT USE IN PRODUCTION
edit, comment from @Misty
Not working. Requests now uses urllib3, which create its own
SSLContext. You can override cert_reqs instead
ssl.SSLContext.verify_mode = property(lambda self: ssl.CERT_NONE, lambda self, newval: None)
What has worked for me Due verify=False
Bug
Due to a bug on session.verify=False
that makes urllib*
ignore
that when a environment variable (CURL_CA_BUNDLE
) is set. So we set it to nothing.
import requests, os
session = requests.Session()
session.verify = False
session.trust_env = False
os.environ['CURL_CA_BUNDLE']="" # or whaever other is interfering with
session.post(url='https://example.com', data={'bar':'baz'})
Not sure I need trust_env
first import ssl then make a variable like this with three lines of code in your python script file-
ctx = ssl.create_default_context()
ctx.check_hostname = False
ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE
An Example that I have use in html parsing with beautifulsoup was like this –
import urllib.request,urllib.parse,urllib.error
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import ssl
ctx = ssl.create_default_context()
ctx.check_hostname = False
ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE
url = input('Enter - ')
html = urllib.request.urlopen(url, context=ctx).read()
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')
python 3.6+
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", message="Unverified HTTPS request")
I am using
import requests
requests.post(url='https://foo.example', data={'bar':'baz'})
but I get a request.exceptions.SSLError.
The website has an expired certficate, but I am not sending sensitive data, so it doesn’t matter to me.
I would imagine there is an argument like ‘verifiy=False’ that I could use, but I can’t seem to find it.
From the documentation:
requests
can also ignore verifying the SSL certificate if you set
verify
to False.>>> requests.get('https://kennethreitz.com', verify=False) <Response [200]>
If you’re using a third-party module and want to disable the checks, here’s a context manager that monkey patches requests
and changes it so that verify=False
is the default and suppresses the warning.
import warnings
import contextlib
import requests
from urllib3.exceptions import InsecureRequestWarning
old_merge_environment_settings = requests.Session.merge_environment_settings
@contextlib.contextmanager
def no_ssl_verification():
opened_adapters = set()
def merge_environment_settings(self, url, proxies, stream, verify, cert):
# Verification happens only once per connection so we need to close
# all the opened adapters once we're done. Otherwise, the effects of
# verify=False persist beyond the end of this context manager.
opened_adapters.add(self.get_adapter(url))
settings = old_merge_environment_settings(self, url, proxies, stream, verify, cert)
settings['verify'] = False
return settings
requests.Session.merge_environment_settings = merge_environment_settings
try:
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.simplefilter('ignore', InsecureRequestWarning)
yield
finally:
requests.Session.merge_environment_settings = old_merge_environment_settings
for adapter in opened_adapters:
try:
adapter.close()
except:
pass
Here’s how you use it:
with no_ssl_verification():
requests.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.example/')
print('It works')
requests.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.example/', verify=True)
print('Even if you try to force it to')
requests.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.example/', verify=False)
print('It resets back')
session = requests.Session()
session.verify = True
with no_ssl_verification():
session.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.example/', verify=True)
print('Works even here')
try:
requests.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.example/')
except requests.exceptions.SSLError:
print('It breaks')
try:
session.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.example/')
except requests.exceptions.SSLError:
print('It breaks here again')
Note that this code closes all open adapters that handled a patched request once you leave the context manager. This is because requests maintains a per-session connection pool and certificate validation happens only once per connection so unexpected things like this will happen:
>>> import requests
>>> session = requests.Session()
>>> session.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.example/', verify=False)
/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py:857: InsecureRequestWarning: Unverified HTTPS request is being made. Adding certificate verification is strongly advised. See: https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html#ssl-warnings
InsecureRequestWarning)
<Response [200]>
>>> session.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.example/', verify=True)
/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py:857: InsecureRequestWarning: Unverified HTTPS request is being made. Adding certificate verification is strongly advised. See: https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html#ssl-warnings
InsecureRequestWarning)
<Response [200]>
Use requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings()
and verify=False
on requests
methods.
import requests
from urllib3.exceptions import InsecureRequestWarning
# Suppress only the single warning from urllib3 needed.
requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings(category=InsecureRequestWarning)
# Set `verify=False` on `requests.post`.
requests.post(url='https://example.com', data={'bar':'baz'}, verify=False)
If you want to send exactly post request with verify=False option, fastest way is to use this code:
import requests
requests.api.request('post', url, data={'bar':'baz'}, json=None, verify=False)
To add to Blender’s answer, you can disable SSL certificate validation for all requests using Session.verify = False
import requests
session = requests.Session()
session.verify = False
session.post(url='https://example.com', data={'bar':'baz'})
Note that urllib3
, (which Requests uses), strongly discourages making unverified HTTPS requests and will raise an InsecureRequestWarning
.
Also can be done with a environment variable:
export CURL_CA_BUNDLE=""
If you are writing a scraper and really don’t care about the SSL certificate you can set it global:
import ssl
ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context
DO NOT USE IN PRODUCTION
edit, comment from @Misty
Not working. Requests now uses urllib3, which create its own
SSLContext. You can override cert_reqs instead
ssl.SSLContext.verify_mode = property(lambda self: ssl.CERT_NONE, lambda self, newval: None)
What has worked for me Due verify=False
Bug
Due to a bug on session.verify=False
that makes urllib*
ignore
that when a environment variable (CURL_CA_BUNDLE
) is set. So we set it to nothing.
import requests, os
session = requests.Session()
session.verify = False
session.trust_env = False
os.environ['CURL_CA_BUNDLE']="" # or whaever other is interfering with
session.post(url='https://example.com', data={'bar':'baz'})
Not sure I need trust_env
first import ssl then make a variable like this with three lines of code in your python script file-
ctx = ssl.create_default_context()
ctx.check_hostname = False
ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE
An Example that I have use in html parsing with beautifulsoup was like this –
import urllib.request,urllib.parse,urllib.error
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import ssl
ctx = ssl.create_default_context()
ctx.check_hostname = False
ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE
url = input('Enter - ')
html = urllib.request.urlopen(url, context=ctx).read()
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')
python 3.6+
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", message="Unverified HTTPS request")