How do I trim whitespace from a string?
Question:
How do I remove leading and trailing whitespace from a string in Python?
" Hello world " --> "Hello world"
" Hello world" --> "Hello world"
"Hello world " --> "Hello world"
"Hello world" --> "Hello world"
Answers:
This will remove all leading and trailing whitespace in myString:
myString.strip()
You want strip():
myphrases = [" Hello ", " Hello", "Hello ", "Bob has a cat"]
for phrase in myphrases:
print(phrase.strip())
To remove all whitespace surrounding a string, use .strip(). Examples:
>>> ' Hello '.strip()
'Hello'
>>> ' Hello'.strip()
'Hello'
>>> 'Bob has a cat'.strip()
'Bob has a cat'
>>> ' Hello '.strip() # ALL consecutive spaces at both ends removed
'Hello'
Note that str.strip() removes all whitespace characters, including tabs and newlines. To remove only spaces, specify the specific character to remove as an argument to strip:
>>> " Hellon ".strip(" ")
'Hellon'
To remove only one space at most:
def strip_one_space(s):
if s.endswith(" "): s = s[:-1]
if s.startswith(" "): s = s[1:]
return s
>>> strip_one_space(" Hello ")
' Hello'
As pointed out in answers above
my_string.strip()
will remove all the leading and trailing whitespace characters such as n, r, t, f, space .
For more flexibility use the following
- Removes only leading whitespace chars:
my_string.lstrip()
- Removes only trailing whitespace chars:
my_string.rstrip()
- Removes specific whitespace chars:
my_string.strip('n') or my_string.lstrip('nr') or my_string.rstrip('nt') and so on.
More details are available in the docs.
strip is not limited to whitespace characters either:
# remove all leading/trailing commas, periods and hyphens
title = title.strip(',.-')
I wanted to remove the too-much spaces in a string (also in between the string, not only in the beginning or end). I made this, because I don’t know how to do it otherwise:
string = "Name : David Account: 1234 Another thing: something "
ready = False
while ready == False:
pos = string.find(" ")
if pos != -1:
string = string.replace(" "," ")
else:
ready = True
print(string)
This replaces double spaces in one space until you have no double spaces any more
I could not find a solution to what I was looking for so I created some custom functions. You can try them out.
def cleansed(s: str):
""":param s: String to be cleansed"""
assert s is not (None or "")
# return trimmed(s.replace('"', '').replace("'", ""))
return trimmed(s)
def trimmed(s: str):
""":param s: String to be cleansed"""
assert s is not (None or "")
ss = trim_start_and_end(s).replace(' ', ' ')
while ' ' in ss:
ss = ss.replace(' ', ' ')
return ss
def trim_start_and_end(s: str):
""":param s: String to be cleansed"""
assert s is not (None or "")
return trim_start(trim_end(s))
def trim_start(s: str):
""":param s: String to be cleansed"""
assert s is not (None or "")
chars = []
for c in s:
if c is not ' ' or len(chars) > 0:
chars.append(c)
return "".join(chars).lower()
def trim_end(s: str):
""":param s: String to be cleansed"""
assert s is not (None or "")
chars = []
for c in reversed(s):
if c is not ' ' or len(chars) > 0:
chars.append(c)
return "".join(reversed(chars)).lower()
s1 = ' b Beer '
s2 = 'Beer b '
s3 = ' Beer b '
s4 = ' bread butter Beer b '
cdd = trim_start(s1)
cddd = trim_end(s2)
clean1 = cleansed(s3)
clean2 = cleansed(s4)
print("nStr: {0} Len: {1} Cleansed: {2} Len: {3}".format(s1, len(s1), cdd, len(cdd)))
print("nStr: {0} Len: {1} Cleansed: {2} Len: {3}".format(s2, len(s2), cddd, len(cddd)))
print("nStr: {0} Len: {1} Cleansed: {2} Len: {3}".format(s3, len(s3), clean1, len(clean1)))
print("nStr: {0} Len: {1} Cleansed: {2} Len: {3}".format(s4, len(s4), clean2, len(clean2)))
If you want to trim specified number of spaces from left and right, you could do this:
def remove_outer_spaces(text, num_of_leading, num_of_trailing):
text = list(text)
for i in range(num_of_leading):
if text[i] == " ":
text[i] = ""
else:
break
for i in range(1, num_of_trailing+1):
if text[-i] == " ":
text[-i] = ""
else:
break
return ''.join(text)
txt1 = " MY name is "
print(remove_outer_spaces(txt1, 1, 1)) # result is: " MY name is "
print(remove_outer_spaces(txt1, 2, 3)) # result is: " MY name is "
print(remove_outer_spaces(txt1, 6, 8)) # result is: "MY name is"
This can also be done with a regular expression
import re
input = " Hello "
output = re.sub(r'^s+|s+$', '', input)
# output = 'Hello'
How do I remove leading and trailing whitespace from a string in Python?
So below solution will remove leading and trailing whitespaces as well as intermediate whitespaces too. Like if you need to get a clear string values without multiple whitespaces.
>>> str_1 = ' Hello World'
>>> print(' '.join(str_1.split()))
Hello World
>>>
>>>
>>> str_2 = ' Hello World'
>>> print(' '.join(str_2.split()))
Hello World
>>>
>>>
>>> str_3 = 'Hello World '
>>> print(' '.join(str_3.split()))
Hello World
>>>
>>>
>>> str_4 = 'Hello World '
>>> print(' '.join(str_4.split()))
Hello World
>>>
>>>
>>> str_5 = ' Hello World '
>>> print(' '.join(str_5.split()))
Hello World
>>>
>>>
>>> str_6 = ' Hello World '
>>> print(' '.join(str_6.split()))
Hello World
>>>
>>>
>>> str_7 = 'Hello World'
>>> print(' '.join(str_7.split()))
Hello World
As you can see this will remove all the multiple whitespace in the string(output is Hello World for all). Location doesn’t matter. But if you really need leading and trailing whitespaces, then strip() would be find.
Well seeing this thread as a beginner got my head spinning. Hence came up with a simple shortcut.
Though str.strip() works to remove leading & trailing spaces it does nothing for spaces between characters.
words=input("Enter the word to test")
# If I have a user enter discontinous threads it becomes a problem
# input = " he llo, ho w are y ou "
n=words.strip()
print(n)
# output "he llo, ho w are y ou" - only leading & trailing spaces are removed
Instead use str.replace() to make more sense plus less error & more to the point.
The following code can generalize the use of str.replace()
def whitespace(words):
r=words.replace(' ','') # removes all whitespace
n=r.replace(',','|') # other uses of replace
return n
def run():
words=input("Enter the word to test") # take user input
m=whitespace(words) #encase the def in run() to imporve usability on various functions
o=m.count('f') # for testing
return m,o
print(run())
output- ('hello|howareyou', 0)
Can be helpful while inheriting the same in diff. functions.
In order to remove "Whitespace" which causes plenty of indentation errors when running your finished code or programs in Pyhton. Just do the following;obviously if Python keeps telling that the error(s) is indentation in line 1,2,3,4,5, etc…, just fix that line back and forth.
However, if you still get problems about the program that are related to typing mistakes, operators, etc, make sure you read why error Python is yelling at you:
The first thing to check is that you have your
indentation right. If you do, then check to see if you have
mixed tabs with spaces in your code.
Remember: the code
will look fine (to you), but the interpreter refuses to run it. If
you suspect this, a quick fix is to bring your code into an
IDLE edit window, then choose Edit…"Select All from the
menu system, before choosing Format…"Untabify Region.
If you’ve mixed tabs with spaces, this will convert all your
tabs to spaces in one go (and fix any indentation issues).
One way is to use the .strip() method (removing all surrounding whitespaces)
str = " Hello World "
str = str.strip()
**result: str = "Hello World"**
Note that .strip() returns a copy of the string and doesn’t change the underline object (since strings are immutable).
Should you wish to remove all whitespace (not only trimming the edges):
str = ' abcd efgh ijk '
str = str.replace(' ', '')
**result: str = 'abcdefghijk'
How do I remove leading and trailing whitespace from a string in Python?
" Hello world " --> "Hello world"
" Hello world" --> "Hello world"
"Hello world " --> "Hello world"
"Hello world" --> "Hello world"
This will remove all leading and trailing whitespace in myString:
myString.strip()
You want strip():
myphrases = [" Hello ", " Hello", "Hello ", "Bob has a cat"]
for phrase in myphrases:
print(phrase.strip())
To remove all whitespace surrounding a string, use .strip(). Examples:
>>> ' Hello '.strip()
'Hello'
>>> ' Hello'.strip()
'Hello'
>>> 'Bob has a cat'.strip()
'Bob has a cat'
>>> ' Hello '.strip() # ALL consecutive spaces at both ends removed
'Hello'
Note that str.strip() removes all whitespace characters, including tabs and newlines. To remove only spaces, specify the specific character to remove as an argument to strip:
>>> " Hellon ".strip(" ")
'Hellon'
To remove only one space at most:
def strip_one_space(s):
if s.endswith(" "): s = s[:-1]
if s.startswith(" "): s = s[1:]
return s
>>> strip_one_space(" Hello ")
' Hello'
As pointed out in answers above
my_string.strip()
will remove all the leading and trailing whitespace characters such as n, r, t, f, space .
For more flexibility use the following
- Removes only leading whitespace chars:
my_string.lstrip() - Removes only trailing whitespace chars:
my_string.rstrip() - Removes specific whitespace chars:
my_string.strip('n')ormy_string.lstrip('nr')ormy_string.rstrip('nt')and so on.
More details are available in the docs.
strip is not limited to whitespace characters either:
# remove all leading/trailing commas, periods and hyphens
title = title.strip(',.-')
I wanted to remove the too-much spaces in a string (also in between the string, not only in the beginning or end). I made this, because I don’t know how to do it otherwise:
string = "Name : David Account: 1234 Another thing: something "
ready = False
while ready == False:
pos = string.find(" ")
if pos != -1:
string = string.replace(" "," ")
else:
ready = True
print(string)
This replaces double spaces in one space until you have no double spaces any more
I could not find a solution to what I was looking for so I created some custom functions. You can try them out.
def cleansed(s: str):
""":param s: String to be cleansed"""
assert s is not (None or "")
# return trimmed(s.replace('"', '').replace("'", ""))
return trimmed(s)
def trimmed(s: str):
""":param s: String to be cleansed"""
assert s is not (None or "")
ss = trim_start_and_end(s).replace(' ', ' ')
while ' ' in ss:
ss = ss.replace(' ', ' ')
return ss
def trim_start_and_end(s: str):
""":param s: String to be cleansed"""
assert s is not (None or "")
return trim_start(trim_end(s))
def trim_start(s: str):
""":param s: String to be cleansed"""
assert s is not (None or "")
chars = []
for c in s:
if c is not ' ' or len(chars) > 0:
chars.append(c)
return "".join(chars).lower()
def trim_end(s: str):
""":param s: String to be cleansed"""
assert s is not (None or "")
chars = []
for c in reversed(s):
if c is not ' ' or len(chars) > 0:
chars.append(c)
return "".join(reversed(chars)).lower()
s1 = ' b Beer '
s2 = 'Beer b '
s3 = ' Beer b '
s4 = ' bread butter Beer b '
cdd = trim_start(s1)
cddd = trim_end(s2)
clean1 = cleansed(s3)
clean2 = cleansed(s4)
print("nStr: {0} Len: {1} Cleansed: {2} Len: {3}".format(s1, len(s1), cdd, len(cdd)))
print("nStr: {0} Len: {1} Cleansed: {2} Len: {3}".format(s2, len(s2), cddd, len(cddd)))
print("nStr: {0} Len: {1} Cleansed: {2} Len: {3}".format(s3, len(s3), clean1, len(clean1)))
print("nStr: {0} Len: {1} Cleansed: {2} Len: {3}".format(s4, len(s4), clean2, len(clean2)))
If you want to trim specified number of spaces from left and right, you could do this:
def remove_outer_spaces(text, num_of_leading, num_of_trailing):
text = list(text)
for i in range(num_of_leading):
if text[i] == " ":
text[i] = ""
else:
break
for i in range(1, num_of_trailing+1):
if text[-i] == " ":
text[-i] = ""
else:
break
return ''.join(text)
txt1 = " MY name is "
print(remove_outer_spaces(txt1, 1, 1)) # result is: " MY name is "
print(remove_outer_spaces(txt1, 2, 3)) # result is: " MY name is "
print(remove_outer_spaces(txt1, 6, 8)) # result is: "MY name is"
This can also be done with a regular expression
import re
input = " Hello "
output = re.sub(r'^s+|s+$', '', input)
# output = 'Hello'
How do I remove leading and trailing whitespace from a string in Python?
So below solution will remove leading and trailing whitespaces as well as intermediate whitespaces too. Like if you need to get a clear string values without multiple whitespaces.
>>> str_1 = ' Hello World'
>>> print(' '.join(str_1.split()))
Hello World
>>>
>>>
>>> str_2 = ' Hello World'
>>> print(' '.join(str_2.split()))
Hello World
>>>
>>>
>>> str_3 = 'Hello World '
>>> print(' '.join(str_3.split()))
Hello World
>>>
>>>
>>> str_4 = 'Hello World '
>>> print(' '.join(str_4.split()))
Hello World
>>>
>>>
>>> str_5 = ' Hello World '
>>> print(' '.join(str_5.split()))
Hello World
>>>
>>>
>>> str_6 = ' Hello World '
>>> print(' '.join(str_6.split()))
Hello World
>>>
>>>
>>> str_7 = 'Hello World'
>>> print(' '.join(str_7.split()))
Hello World
As you can see this will remove all the multiple whitespace in the string(output is Hello World for all). Location doesn’t matter. But if you really need leading and trailing whitespaces, then strip() would be find.
Well seeing this thread as a beginner got my head spinning. Hence came up with a simple shortcut.
Though str.strip() works to remove leading & trailing spaces it does nothing for spaces between characters.
words=input("Enter the word to test")
# If I have a user enter discontinous threads it becomes a problem
# input = " he llo, ho w are y ou "
n=words.strip()
print(n)
# output "he llo, ho w are y ou" - only leading & trailing spaces are removed
Instead use str.replace() to make more sense plus less error & more to the point.
The following code can generalize the use of str.replace()
def whitespace(words):
r=words.replace(' ','') # removes all whitespace
n=r.replace(',','|') # other uses of replace
return n
def run():
words=input("Enter the word to test") # take user input
m=whitespace(words) #encase the def in run() to imporve usability on various functions
o=m.count('f') # for testing
return m,o
print(run())
output- ('hello|howareyou', 0)
Can be helpful while inheriting the same in diff. functions.
In order to remove "Whitespace" which causes plenty of indentation errors when running your finished code or programs in Pyhton. Just do the following;obviously if Python keeps telling that the error(s) is indentation in line 1,2,3,4,5, etc…, just fix that line back and forth.
However, if you still get problems about the program that are related to typing mistakes, operators, etc, make sure you read why error Python is yelling at you:
The first thing to check is that you have your
indentation right. If you do, then check to see if you have
mixed tabs with spaces in your code.
Remember: the code
will look fine (to you), but the interpreter refuses to run it. If
you suspect this, a quick fix is to bring your code into an
IDLE edit window, then choose Edit…"Select All from the
menu system, before choosing Format…"Untabify Region.
If you’ve mixed tabs with spaces, this will convert all your
tabs to spaces in one go (and fix any indentation issues).
One way is to use the .strip() method (removing all surrounding whitespaces)
str = " Hello World "
str = str.strip()
**result: str = "Hello World"**
Note that .strip() returns a copy of the string and doesn’t change the underline object (since strings are immutable).
Should you wish to remove all whitespace (not only trimming the edges):
str = ' abcd efgh ijk '
str = str.replace(' ', '')
**result: str = 'abcdefghijk'