memory error in python
Question:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/run-1341144766-1067082874/solution.py", line 27, in
main()
File "/run-1341144766-1067082874/solution.py", line 11, in main
if len(s[i:j+1]) > 0:
MemoryError
Error in sys.excepthook:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport_python_hook.py", line 64, in apport_excepthook
from apport.fileutils import likely_packaged, get_recent_crashes
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport/__init__.py", line 1, in
from apport.report import Report
MemoryError
Original exception was:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/run-1341144766-1067082874/solution.py", line 27, in
main()
File "/run-1341144766-1067082874/solution.py", line 11, in main
if len(s[i:j+1]) > 0:
MemoryError
The above errors appeared when I tried to run the following program. Can someone explain what is a memory error, and how to overcome this problem? . The program takes strings as input and finds all possible sub strings and creates a set(in a lexicographical order) out of it and it should print the value at the respective index asked by the user otherwise it should print ‘Invalid’
def main():
no_str = int(raw_input())
sub_strings= []
for k in xrange(0,no_str):
s = raw_input()
a=len(s)
for i in xrange(0, a):
for j in xrange(0, a):
if j >= i:
if len(s[i:j+1]) > 0:
sub_strings.append(s[i:j+1])
sub_strings = list(set(sub_strings))
sub_strings.sort()
queries= int(raw_input())
resul = []
for i in xrange(0,queries):
resul.append(int(raw_input()))
for p in resul:
try:
print sub_strings[p-1]
except IndexError:
print 'INVALID'
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
Answers:
A memory error means that your program has ran out of memory. This means that your program somehow creates too many objects.
In your example, you have to look for parts of your algorithm that could be consuming a lot of memory. I suspect that your program is given very long strings as inputs. Therefore, s[i:j+1] could be the culprit, since it creates a new list. The first time you use it though, it is not necessary because you don’t use the created list. You could try to see if the following helps:
if j + 1 < a:
sub_strings.append(s[i:j+1])
To replace the second list creation, you should definitely use a buffer object, as suggested by glglgl.
Also note that since you use if j >= i:, you don’t need to start your xrange at 0. You can have:
for i in xrange(0, a):
for j in xrange(i, a):
# No need for if j >= i
A more radical alternative would be to try to rework your algorithm so that you don’t pre-compute all possible sub-strings. Instead, you could simply compute the substring that are asked.
This one here:
s = raw_input()
a=len(s)
for i in xrange(0, a):
for j in xrange(0, a):
if j >= i:
if len(s[i:j+1]) > 0:
sub_strings.append(s[i:j+1])
seems to be very inefficient and expensive for large strings.
Better do
for i in xrange(0, a):
for j in xrange(i, a): # ensures that j >= i, no test required
part = buffer(s, i, j+1-i) # don't duplicate data
if len(part) > 0:
sub_Strings.append(part)
A buffer object keeps a reference to the original string and start and length attributes. This way, no unnecessary duplication of data occurs.
A string of length l has l*l/2 sub strings of average length l/2, so the memory consumption would roughly be l*l*l/4. With a buffer, it is much smaller.
Note that buffer() only exists in 2.x. 3.x has memoryview(), which is utilized slightly different.
Even better would be to compute the indexes and cut out the substring on demand.
you could try to create the same script that popups that error, dividing the script into several script by importing from external script. Example, hello.py expect an error Memory error, so i divide hello.py into several scripts h.py e.py ll.py o.py all of them have to get into a folder “hellohello” into that folder create init.py into init write import h,e,ll,o and then on ide you write import hellohello
Using python 64 bit solves lot of problems.
If you get an unexpected MemoryError and you think you should have plenty of RAM available, it might be because you are using a 32-bit python installation.
The easy solution, if you have a 64-bit operating system, is to switch to a 64-bit installation of python.
The issue is that 32-bit python only has access to ~4GB of RAM. This can shrink even further if your operating system is 32-bit, because of the operating system overhead.
You can learn more about why 32-bit operating systems are limited to ~4GB of RAM here: https://superuser.com/questions/372881/is-there-a-technical-reason-why-32-bit-windows-is-limited-to-4gb-of-ram
Check program with this input: abc. If you got something like ab ac bc abc, then the program works well and you just need more RAM. Otherwise, the program is incorrect.
Either there’s a error in your code or you are out of memory, you can upgrade it or for quick solution try increasing your virtual memory.
- Open My Computer
- Right click and select Properties
- Go to Advanced System Settings
- Click on Advance Tab
- Click on settings under Performance
- Click on Change under Advance Tab
- Increase the memory size, that will increase virtual memory size.
If there’s issue with your memory space, it will be resolved now!
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/run-1341144766-1067082874/solution.py", line 27, in
main()
File "/run-1341144766-1067082874/solution.py", line 11, in main
if len(s[i:j+1]) > 0:
MemoryError
Error in sys.excepthook:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport_python_hook.py", line 64, in apport_excepthook
from apport.fileutils import likely_packaged, get_recent_crashes
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport/__init__.py", line 1, in
from apport.report import Report
MemoryError
Original exception was:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/run-1341144766-1067082874/solution.py", line 27, in
main()
File "/run-1341144766-1067082874/solution.py", line 11, in main
if len(s[i:j+1]) > 0:
MemoryError
The above errors appeared when I tried to run the following program. Can someone explain what is a memory error, and how to overcome this problem? . The program takes strings as input and finds all possible sub strings and creates a set(in a lexicographical order) out of it and it should print the value at the respective index asked by the user otherwise it should print ‘Invalid’
def main():
no_str = int(raw_input())
sub_strings= []
for k in xrange(0,no_str):
s = raw_input()
a=len(s)
for i in xrange(0, a):
for j in xrange(0, a):
if j >= i:
if len(s[i:j+1]) > 0:
sub_strings.append(s[i:j+1])
sub_strings = list(set(sub_strings))
sub_strings.sort()
queries= int(raw_input())
resul = []
for i in xrange(0,queries):
resul.append(int(raw_input()))
for p in resul:
try:
print sub_strings[p-1]
except IndexError:
print 'INVALID'
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
A memory error means that your program has ran out of memory. This means that your program somehow creates too many objects.
In your example, you have to look for parts of your algorithm that could be consuming a lot of memory. I suspect that your program is given very long strings as inputs. Therefore, s[i:j+1] could be the culprit, since it creates a new list. The first time you use it though, it is not necessary because you don’t use the created list. You could try to see if the following helps:
if j + 1 < a:
sub_strings.append(s[i:j+1])
To replace the second list creation, you should definitely use a buffer object, as suggested by glglgl.
Also note that since you use if j >= i:, you don’t need to start your xrange at 0. You can have:
for i in xrange(0, a):
for j in xrange(i, a):
# No need for if j >= i
A more radical alternative would be to try to rework your algorithm so that you don’t pre-compute all possible sub-strings. Instead, you could simply compute the substring that are asked.
This one here:
s = raw_input()
a=len(s)
for i in xrange(0, a):
for j in xrange(0, a):
if j >= i:
if len(s[i:j+1]) > 0:
sub_strings.append(s[i:j+1])
seems to be very inefficient and expensive for large strings.
Better do
for i in xrange(0, a):
for j in xrange(i, a): # ensures that j >= i, no test required
part = buffer(s, i, j+1-i) # don't duplicate data
if len(part) > 0:
sub_Strings.append(part)
A buffer object keeps a reference to the original string and start and length attributes. This way, no unnecessary duplication of data occurs.
A string of length l has l*l/2 sub strings of average length l/2, so the memory consumption would roughly be l*l*l/4. With a buffer, it is much smaller.
Note that buffer() only exists in 2.x. 3.x has memoryview(), which is utilized slightly different.
Even better would be to compute the indexes and cut out the substring on demand.
you could try to create the same script that popups that error, dividing the script into several script by importing from external script. Example, hello.py expect an error Memory error, so i divide hello.py into several scripts h.py e.py ll.py o.py all of them have to get into a folder “hellohello” into that folder create init.py into init write import h,e,ll,o and then on ide you write import hellohello
Using python 64 bit solves lot of problems.
If you get an unexpected MemoryError and you think you should have plenty of RAM available, it might be because you are using a 32-bit python installation.
The easy solution, if you have a 64-bit operating system, is to switch to a 64-bit installation of python.
The issue is that 32-bit python only has access to ~4GB of RAM. This can shrink even further if your operating system is 32-bit, because of the operating system overhead.
You can learn more about why 32-bit operating systems are limited to ~4GB of RAM here: https://superuser.com/questions/372881/is-there-a-technical-reason-why-32-bit-windows-is-limited-to-4gb-of-ram
Check program with this input: abc. If you got something like ab ac bc abc, then the program works well and you just need more RAM. Otherwise, the program is incorrect.
Either there’s a error in your code or you are out of memory, you can upgrade it or for quick solution try increasing your virtual memory.
- Open My Computer
- Right click and select Properties
- Go to Advanced System Settings
- Click on Advance Tab
- Click on settings under Performance
- Click on Change under Advance Tab
- Increase the memory size, that will increase virtual memory size.
If there’s issue with your memory space, it will be resolved now!