Rather than deconstructing and reconstructing, just copy and update:

final_map = {}
for fruit_color_definition in fruit_color_mapping:
    final_map.update(fruit_color_definition)

dict(d.items()[0] for d in fruitColourMapping)

{k: v for d in fruitColourMapping for k, v in d.items()}

Why copy at all?

In Python 3, you can use the new ChainMap:

A ChainMap groups multiple dicts (or other mappings) together to create a single, updateable view.
The underlying mappings are stored in a list. That list is public and
can accessed or updated using the maps attribute. There is no
other state. Lookups search the underlying mappings successively
until a key is found. In contrast, writes, updates, and deletions
only operate on the first mapping.

All you need is this (do change the names to abide by Python naming conventions):

from collections import ChainMap
fruit_colour_mapping = [{'apple': 'red'}, {'banana': 'yellow'}]
final_map = ChainMap(*fruit_colour_mapping)

And then you can use all the normal mapping operations:

# print key value pairs:
for element in final_map.items():
    print(element)

# change a value:
final_map['banana'] = 'green'    # supermarkets these days....

# access by key:
print(final_map['banana'])

Approach

Use reduce to apply each dict to an empty initializer. Since dict.update always returns None, use d.update(src) or d to give reduce the desired return value.

Code

final_dict = reduce(lambda d, src: d.update(src) or d, dicts, {})

Test

>>> dicts = [{'a': 1, 'b': 2}, {'b': 3, 'c': 4}, {'a': 6}]
>>> final_dict = reduce(lambda d, src: d.update(src) or d, dicts, {})
>>> final_dict
{'a': 6, 'c': 4, 'b': 3}

Given

d1, d2 = [{'apple': 'red'}, {'banana': 'yellow'}]

Code

In Python 3.5, dictionary unpacking was introduced (see PEP 448):

{**d1, **d2}
# {'apple': 'red', 'banana': 'yellow'}

In Python 3.9, the merge operator was introduced:

d1 | d2
# {'apple': 'red', 'banana': 'yellow'}

You could also try:

finalMap = dict(item for mapping in fruitColourMapping for item in mapping.items())

I came up with a interesting one liner.

>>> a = [{"wow": 1}, {"ok": 2}, {"yeah": 3}, {"ok": [1,2,3], "yeah": True}]
>>> a = dict(sum(map(list, map(dict.items, a)), []))
>>> a
{'wow': 1, 'ok': [1, 2, 3], 'yeah': True}