Printing subscript in python
Question:
In Python 3.3, is there any way to make a part of text in a string subscript when printed?
e.g. H₂ (H and then a subscript 2)
Answers:
The output performed on the console is simple text. If the terminal supports unicode (most do nowadays) you can use unicode’s subscripts. (e.g H₂) Namely the subscripts are in the ranges:
- 0x208N for numbers,
+, -, =, (, ) (N goes from 0 to F)
- 0x209N for letters
For example:
In [6]: print(u'Hu2082Ou2082')
H₂O₂
For more complex output you must use a markup language (e.g. HTML) or a typesetting language (e.g. LaTeX).
If all you care about are digits, you can use the str.maketrans() and str.translate() methods:
example_string = "A0B1C2D3E4F5G6H7I8J9"
SUB = str.maketrans("0123456789", "₀₁₂₃₄₅₆₇₈₉")
SUP = str.maketrans("0123456789", "⁰¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹")
print(example_string.translate(SUP))
print(example_string.translate(SUB))
Which will output:
A⁰B¹C²D³E⁴F⁵G⁶H⁷I⁸J⁹
A₀B₁C₂D₃E₄F₅G₆H₇I₈J₉
Note that this won’t work in Python 2 – see Python 2 maketrans() function doesn’t work with Unicode for an explanation of why that’s the case, and how to work around it.
By using this code you can use alphabets on the superscript and subscript
In This code
format() is Function and in Format function (‘unicode’)
By using this table (Unicode subscripts and superscripts on Wikipedia) you can give suitable unicode to the suitable one
you can use superscript and sub script
"10{}".format('u00B2') # superscript 2
Using code like this works too:
print('N{GREEK SMALL LETTER PI}rN{SUPERSCRIPT TWO}')
print('N{GREEK CAPITAL LETTER THETA}rN{SUBSCRIPT TWO}')
The output being:
πr²
Θ₂
Note that this works on Python versions 3.3 and higher only. Unicode formatting.
If you want to use it on the axes of a plot you can do:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.plot([1])
plt.ylabel(r'$H_{2}$')
plt.show()
which gives
Details on the Tex markup language and how to use it in matplotlib can be found here.
In Python 3.3, is there any way to make a part of text in a string subscript when printed?
e.g. H₂ (H and then a subscript 2)
The output performed on the console is simple text. If the terminal supports unicode (most do nowadays) you can use unicode’s subscripts. (e.g H₂) Namely the subscripts are in the ranges:
- 0x208N for numbers,
+,-,=,(,)(Ngoes from0toF) - 0x209N for letters
For example:
In [6]: print(u'Hu2082Ou2082')
H₂O₂
For more complex output you must use a markup language (e.g. HTML) or a typesetting language (e.g. LaTeX).
If all you care about are digits, you can use the str.maketrans() and str.translate() methods:
example_string = "A0B1C2D3E4F5G6H7I8J9"
SUB = str.maketrans("0123456789", "₀₁₂₃₄₅₆₇₈₉")
SUP = str.maketrans("0123456789", "⁰¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹")
print(example_string.translate(SUP))
print(example_string.translate(SUB))
Which will output:
A⁰B¹C²D³E⁴F⁵G⁶H⁷I⁸J⁹
A₀B₁C₂D₃E₄F₅G₆H₇I₈J₉
Note that this won’t work in Python 2 – see Python 2 maketrans() function doesn’t work with Unicode for an explanation of why that’s the case, and how to work around it.
By using this code you can use alphabets on the superscript and subscript
In This code
format() is Function and in Format function (‘unicode’)
By using this table (Unicode subscripts and superscripts on Wikipedia) you can give suitable unicode to the suitable one
you can use superscript and sub script
"10{}".format('u00B2') # superscript 2
Using code like this works too:
print('N{GREEK SMALL LETTER PI}rN{SUPERSCRIPT TWO}')
print('N{GREEK CAPITAL LETTER THETA}rN{SUBSCRIPT TWO}')
The output being:
πr²
Θ₂
Note that this works on Python versions 3.3 and higher only. Unicode formatting.
If you want to use it on the axes of a plot you can do:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.plot([1])
plt.ylabel(r'$H_{2}$')
plt.show()
which gives
Details on the Tex markup language and how to use it in matplotlib can be found here.