Yes, there is: simply give curve_fit a multi-dimensional array for xData.

Fitting to an unknown numer of parameters

In this example, we try to reproduce some measured data measData.
In this example measData is generated by the function measuredData(x, a=.2, b=-2, c=-.8, d=.1). I practice, we might have measured measData in a way – so we have no idea, how it is described mathematically. Hence the fit.

We fit by a polynomial, which is described by the function polynomFit(inp, *args). As we want to try out different orders of polynomials, it is important to be flexible in the number of input parameters.
The independent variables (x and y in your case) are encoded in the ‘columns’/second dimension of inp.

import numpy as np
import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from scipy.optimize import curve_fit

def measuredData(inp, a=.2, b=-2, c=-.8, d=.1):
    x=inp[:,0]
    y=inp[:,1]
    return a+b*x+c*x**2+d*x**3 +y

def polynomFit(inp, *args):
    x=inp[:,0]
    y=inp[:,1]
    res=0
    for order in range(len(args)):
        print(14,order,args[order],x)
        res+=args[order] * x**order
    return res +y


inpData=np.linspace(0,10,20).reshape(-1,2)
inpDataStr=['({:.1f},{:.1f})'.format(a,b) for a,b in inpData]
measData=measuredData(inpData)
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot(np.arange(inpData.shape[0]), measData, label='measuered', marker='o', linestyle='none' )

for order in range(5):
    print(27,inpData)
    print(28,measData)
    popt, pcov = curve_fit(polynomFit, xdata=inpData, ydata=measData, p0=[0]*(order+1) )
    fitData=polynomFit(inpData,*popt)
    ax.plot(np.arange(inpData.shape[0]), fitData, label='polyn. fit, order '+str(order), linestyle='--' )
    ax.legend( loc='upper left', bbox_to_anchor=(1.05, 1))
    print(order, popt)

ax.set_xticklabels(inpDataStr, rotation=90)

Result:

Yes. We can pass multiple variables for curve_fit. I have written a piece of code:

import numpy as np
x = np.random.randn(2,100)
w = np.array([1.5,0.5]).reshape(1,2)
esp = np.random.randn(1,100)
y = np.dot(w,x)+esp
y = y.reshape(100,)

In the above code I have generated x a 2D data set in shape of (2,100) i.e, there are two variables with 100 data points. I have fit the dependent variable y with independent variables x with some noise.

def model_func(x,w1,w2,b):
  w = np.array([w1,w2]).reshape(1,2)
  b = np.array([b]).reshape(1,1)
  y_p = np.dot(w,x)+b
  return y_p.reshape(100,)

We have defined a model function that establishes relation between y & x.
Note: The shape of output of the model function or predicted y should be (length of x,)

popt, pcov = curve_fit(model_func,x,y)

The popt is an 1D numpy array containing predicted parameters. In our case there are 3 parameters.

optimizing a function with multiple input dimensions and a variable number of parameters

This example shows how to fit a polynomial with a two dimensional input (R^2 -> R) by an increasing number of coefficients. The design is very flexible so that the callable f from curve_fit is defined once for any number of non-keyword arguments.

minimal reproducible example

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from scipy.optimize import curve_fit

def poly2d(xy, *coefficients):
    x = xy[:, 0]
    y = xy[:, 1]
    proj = x + y
    res = 0
    for order, coef in enumerate(coefficients):
        res += coef * proj ** order
    return res

nx = 31
ny = 21

range_x = [-1.5, 1.5]
range_y = [-1, 1]
target_coefficients = (3, 0, -19, 7)

xs = np.linspace(*range_x, nx)
ys = np.linspace(*range_y, ny)
im_x, im_y = np.meshgrid(xs, ys)
xdata = np.c_[im_x.flatten(), im_y.flatten()]
im_target = poly2d(xdata, *target_coefficients).reshape(ny, nx)

fig, axs = plt.subplots(2, 3, figsize=(29.7, 21))
axs = axs.flatten()

ax = axs[0]
ax.set_title('Unknown polynomial P(x+y)n[secret coefficients: ' + str(target_coefficients) + ']')
sm = ax.imshow(
    im_target,
    cmap = plt.get_cmap('coolwarm'),
    origin='lower'
    )
fig.colorbar(sm, ax=ax)

for order in range(5):
    ydata=im_target.flatten()
    popt, pcov = curve_fit(poly2d, xdata=xdata, ydata=ydata, p0=[0]*(order+1) )

    im_fit = poly2d(xdata, *popt).reshape(ny, nx)

    ax = axs[1+order]
    title = 'Fit O({:d}):'.format(order)
    for o, p in enumerate(popt):
        if o%2 == 0:
            title += 'n'
        if o == 0:
            title += ' {:=-{w}.1f} (x+y)^{:d}'.format(p, o, w=int(np.log10(max(abs(p), 1))) + 5)
        else:
            title += ' {:=+{w}.1f} (x+y)^{:d}'.format(p, o, w=int(np.log10(max(abs(p), 1))) + 5)
    title += 'nrms: {:.1f}'.format( np.mean((im_fit-im_target)**2)**.5 )
    ax.set_title(title)
    sm = ax.imshow(
        im_fit,
        cmap = plt.get_cmap('coolwarm'),
        origin='lower'
        )
    fig.colorbar(sm, ax=ax)

for ax in axs.flatten():
    ax.set_xlabel('x')
    ax.set_ylabel('y')

plt.show()

P.S. The concept of this answer is identical to my other answer here, but the code example is way more clear. At the time given, I will delete the other answer.