BeautifulSoup – search by text inside a tag

Question

Observe the following problem:

import re
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as BS

soup = BS("""
<a href="/customer-menu/1/accounts/1/update">
    Edit
</a>
""")

# This returns the <a> element
soup.find(
    'a',
    href="/customer-menu/1/accounts/1/update",
    text=re.compile(".*Edit.*")
)

soup = BS("""
<a href="/customer-menu/1/accounts/1/update">
    <i class="fa fa-edit"></i> Edit
</a>
""")

# This returns None
soup.find(
    'a',
    href="/customer-menu/1/accounts/1/update",
    text=re.compile(".*Edit.*")
)

For some reason, BeautifulSoup will not match the text, when the <i> tag is there as well. Finding the tag and showing its text produces

>>> a2 = soup.find(
        'a',
        href="/customer-menu/1/accounts/1/update"
    )
>>> print(repr(a2.text))
'n Editn'

Right. According to the Docs, soup uses the match function of the regular expression, not the search function. So I need to provide the DOTALL flag:

pattern = re.compile('.*Edit.*')
pattern.match('n Editn')  # Returns None

pattern = re.compile('.*Edit.*', flags=re.DOTALL)
pattern.match('n Editn')  # Returns MatchObject

Alright. Looks good. Let’s try it with soup

soup = BS("""
<a href="/customer-menu/1/accounts/1/update">
    <i class="fa fa-edit"></i> Edit
</a>
""")

soup.find(
    'a',
    href="/customer-menu/1/accounts/1/update",
    text=re.compile(".*Edit.*", flags=re.DOTALL)
)  # Still return None... Why?!

Edit

My solution based on geckons answer: I implemented these helpers:

import re

MATCH_ALL = r'.*'


def like(string):
    """
    Return a compiled regular expression that matches the given
    string with any prefix and postfix, e.g. if string = "hello",
    the returned regex matches r".*hello.*"
    """
    string_ = string
    if not isinstance(string_, str):
        string_ = str(string_)
    regex = MATCH_ALL + re.escape(string_) + MATCH_ALL
    return re.compile(regex, flags=re.DOTALL)


def find_by_text(soup, text, tag, **kwargs):
    """
    Find the tag in soup that matches all provided kwargs, and contains the
    text.

    If no match is found, return None.
    If more than one match is found, raise ValueError.
    """
    elements = soup.find_all(tag, **kwargs)
    matches = []
    for element in elements:
        if element.find(text=like(text)):
            matches.append(element)
    if len(matches) > 1:
        raise ValueError("Too many matches:n" + "n".join(matches))
    elif len(matches) == 0:
        return None
    else:
        return matches[0]

Now, when I want to find the element above, I just run find_by_text(soup, 'Edit', 'a', href='/customer-menu/1/accounts/1/update')

Asked By: Eldamir

||

Source

Answer 1

The problem is that your <a> tag with the <i> tag inside, doesn’t have the string attribute you expect it to have. First let’s take a look at what text="" argument for find() does.

NOTE: The text argument is an old name, since BeautifulSoup 4.4.0 it’s called string.

From the docs:

Although string is for finding strings, you can combine it with
arguments that find tags: Beautiful Soup will find all tags whose
.string matches your value for string. This code finds the tags
whose .string is “Elsie”:
soup.find_all("a", string="Elsie")
# [<a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1">Elsie</a>]

Now let’s take a look what Tag‘s string attribute is (from the docs again):

If a tag has only one child, and that child is a NavigableString, the
child is made available as .string:
title_tag.string
# u'The Dormouse's story'

(…)

If a tag contains more than one thing, then it’s not clear what
.string should refer to, so .string is defined to be None:
print(soup.html.string)
# None

This is exactly your case. Your <a> tag contains a text and <i> tag. Therefore, the find gets None when trying to search for a string and thus it can’t match.

How to solve this?

Maybe there is a better solution but I would probably go with something like this:

import re
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as BS

soup = BS("""
<a href="/customer-menu/1/accounts/1/update">
    <i class="fa fa-edit"></i> Edit
</a>
""")

links = soup.find_all('a', href="/customer-menu/1/accounts/1/update")

for link in links:
    if link.find(text=re.compile("Edit")):
        thelink = link
        break

print(thelink)

I think there are not too many links pointing to /customer-menu/1/accounts/1/update so it should be fast enough.

Answered By: geckon

Answer 2

You can pass a function that return True if a text contains “Edit” to .find

In [51]: def Edit_in_text(tag):
   ....:     return tag.name == 'a' and 'Edit' in tag.text
   ....: 

In [52]: soup.find(Edit_in_text, href="/customer-menu/1/accounts/1/update")
Out[52]: 
<a href="/customer-menu/1/accounts/1/update">
<i class="fa fa-edit"></i> Edit
</a>

EDIT:

You can use the .get_text() method instead of the text in your function which gives the same result:

def Edit_in_text(tag):
    return tag.name == 'a' and 'Edit' in tag.get_text()

Answered By: styvane

Answer 3

in one line using lambda

soup.find(lambda tag:tag.name=="a" and "Edit" in tag.text)

Answered By: Amr

Answer 4

With soupsieve 2.1.0 you can use :-soup-contains css pseudo class selector to target a node’s text. This replaces the deprecated form of :contains().

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as BS

soup = BS("""
<a href="/customer-menu/1/accounts/1/update">
    Edit
</a>
""")
single = soup.select_one('a:-soup-contains("Edit")').text.strip()
multiple = [i.text.strip() for i in soup.select('a:-soup-contains("Edit")')]
print(single, 'n', multiple)

Answered By: QHarr

BeautifulSoup – search by text inside a tag

Question:

Edit

Answers: