Asking "is hashable" about a Python value

Question

I am interested in taking an arbitrary dict and copying it into a new dict, mutating it along the way.

One mutation I would like to do is swap keys and value. Unfortunately, some values are dicts in their own right. However, this generates a “unhashable type: ‘dict'” error. I don’t really mind just stringifying the value and giving it the key. But, I’d like to be able to do something like this:

for key in olddict:
  if hashable(olddict[key]):
    newdict[olddict[key]] = key
  else
    newdict[str(olddict[key])] = key

Is there a clean way to do this that doesn’t involve trapping an exception and parsing the message string for “unhashable type” ?

Asked By: Paul Nathan

||

Source

Answer 1

def hashable(v):
    """Determine whether `v` can be hashed."""
    try:
        hash(v)
    except TypeError:
        return False
    return True

Answered By: Ned Batchelder

Answer 2

Python 3.x

Use collections.abc.Hashable or typing.Hashable.

>>> import typing
>>> isinstance({}, typing.Hashable)
False
>>> isinstance(0, typing.Hashable)
True

Note: both are the same one, the latter is simply an alias of the former. Also note that collections.Hashable was removed in Python 3.10+ (deprecated since 3.7).

Python 2.6+ (an original answer)

Since Python 2.6 you can use the abstract base class collections.Hashable:

>>> import collections
>>> isinstance({}, collections.Hashable)
False
>>> isinstance(0, collections.Hashable)
True

This approach is also mentioned briefly in the documentation for __hash__.

Doing so means that not only will instances of the class raise an appropriate TypeError when a program attempts to retrieve their hash value, but they will also be correctly identified as unhashable when checking isinstance(obj, collections.Hashable) (unlike classes which define their own __hash__() to explicitly raise TypeError).

Answered By: Mark Byers

Answer 3

All hashable built in python objects have a .__hash__() method. You can check for that.

olddict = {"a":1, "b":{"test":"dict"}, "c":"string", "d":["list"] }

for key in olddict:
   if(olddict[key].__hash__):
      print str(olddict[key]) + " is hashable"
   else: 
      print str(olddict[key]) + " is NOT hashable"

output

1 is hashable
string is hashable
{'test': 'dict'} is NOT hashable
['list'] is NOT hashable

Answered By: Chandler

Answer 4

Why not use duck typing?

for key in olddict:
   try:
       newdict[olddict[key]] = key
   except TypeError:
       newdict[str(olddict[key])] = key

Answered By: dansalmo

Asking "is hashable" about a Python value

Question:

Answers:

Python 3.x

Python 2.6+ (an original answer)