Take screenshot of full page with Selenium Python with chromedriver

You can achieve this by changing the CSS of the header before the screenshot:

topnav = driver.find_element_by_id("topnav")
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].setAttribute('style', 'position: absolute; top: 0px;')", topnav) 

EDIT: Put this line after your window scroll:

driver.execute_script("document.getElementById('topnav').setAttribute('style', 'position: absolute; top: 0px;');")

So in your util.py it will be:

driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo({0}, {1})".format(rectangle[0], rectangle[1]))
driver.execute_script("document.getElementById('topnav').setAttribute('style', 'position: absolute; top: 0px;');")

If the site is using the header tag, you can do it with find_element_by_tag_name("header")

After knowing the approach of @Moshisho.

My full standalone working script is… (added sleep 0.2 after each scroll and position)

import sys
from selenium import webdriver
import util
import os
import time
from PIL import Image

def fullpage_screenshot(driver, file):

        print("Starting chrome full page screenshot workaround ...")

        total_width = driver.execute_script("return document.body.offsetWidth")
        total_height = driver.execute_script("return document.body.parentNode.scrollHeight")
        viewport_width = driver.execute_script("return document.body.clientWidth")
        viewport_height = driver.execute_script("return window.innerHeight")
        print("Total: ({0}, {1}), Viewport: ({2},{3})".format(total_width, total_height,viewport_width,viewport_height))
        rectangles = []

        i = 0
        while i < total_height:
            ii = 0
            top_height = i + viewport_height

            if top_height > total_height:
                top_height = total_height

            while ii < total_width:
                top_width = ii + viewport_width

                if top_width > total_width:
                    top_width = total_width

                print("Appending rectangle ({0},{1},{2},{3})".format(ii, i, top_width, top_height))
                rectangles.append((ii, i, top_width,top_height))

                ii = ii + viewport_width

            i = i + viewport_height

        stitched_image = Image.new('RGB', (total_width, total_height))
        previous = None
        part = 0

        for rectangle in rectangles:
            if not previous is None:
                driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo({0}, {1})".format(rectangle[0], rectangle[1]))
                time.sleep(0.2)
                driver.execute_script("document.getElementById('topnav').setAttribute('style', 'position: absolute; top: 0px;');")
                time.sleep(0.2)
                print("Scrolled To ({0},{1})".format(rectangle[0], rectangle[1]))
                time.sleep(0.2)

            file_name = "part_{0}.png".format(part)
            print("Capturing {0} ...".format(file_name))

            driver.get_screenshot_as_file(file_name)
            screenshot = Image.open(file_name)

            if rectangle[1] + viewport_height > total_height:
                offset = (rectangle[0], total_height - viewport_height)
            else:
                offset = (rectangle[0], rectangle[1])

            print("Adding to stitched image with offset ({0}, {1})".format(offset[0],offset[1]))
            stitched_image.paste(screenshot, offset)

            del screenshot
            os.remove(file_name)
            part = part + 1
            previous = rectangle

        stitched_image.save(file)
        print("Finishing chrome full page screenshot workaround...")
        return True


driver = webdriver.Chrome()

''' Generate document-height screenshot '''
url = "http://effbot.org/imagingbook/introduction.htm"
url = "http://www.w3schools.com/js/default.asp"
driver.get(url)
fullpage_screenshot(driver, "test1236.png")

I changed code for Python 3.6, maybe it will be useful for someone:

from selenium import webdriver
from sys import stdout
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities
import unittest
#from Login_Page import Login_Page
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_binary import FirefoxBinary
from io import BytesIO
from PIL import Image

def testdenovoUIavailable(self):
        binary = FirefoxBinary("C:\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe") 
        self.driver  = webdriver.Firefox(firefox_binary=binary)
        verbose = 0

        #open page
        self.driver.get("http://yandex.ru")

        #hide fixed header        
        #js_hide_header=' var x = document.getElementsByClassName("topnavbar-wrapper ng-scope")[0];x['style'] = 'display:none';'
        #self.driver.execute_script(js_hide_header)

        #get total height of page
        js = 'return Math.max( document.body.scrollHeight, document.body.offsetHeight,  document.documentElement.clientHeight,  document.documentElement.scrollHeight,  document.documentElement.offsetHeight);'

        scrollheight = self.driver.execute_script(js)
        if verbose > 0:
            print(scrollheight)

        slices = []
        offset = 0
        offset_arr=[]

        #separate full screen in parts and make printscreens
        while offset < scrollheight:
            if verbose > 0: 
                print(offset)

            #scroll to size of page 
            if (scrollheight-offset)<offset:
                #if part of screen is the last one, we need to scroll just on rest of page
                self.driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, %s);" % (scrollheight-offset))
                offset_arr.append(scrollheight-offset)
            else:
                self.driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, %s);" % offset)
                offset_arr.append(offset)

            #create image (in Python 3.6 use BytesIO)
            img = Image.open(BytesIO(self.driver.get_screenshot_as_png()))


            offset += img.size[1]
            #append new printscreen to array
            slices.append(img)


            if verbose > 0:
                self.driver.get_screenshot_as_file('screen_%s.jpg' % (offset))
                print(scrollheight)

        #create image with 
        screenshot = Image.new('RGB', (slices[0].size[0], scrollheight))
        offset = 0
        offset2= 0
        #now glue all images together
        for img in slices:
            screenshot.paste(img, (0, offset_arr[offset2])) 
            offset += img.size[1]
            offset2+= 1      

        screenshot.save('test.png')

from selenium import webdriver

driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get('https://developer.mozilla.org/')
element = driver.find_element_by_tag_name('body')
element_png = element.screenshot_as_png
with open("test2.png", "wb") as file:
    file.write(element_png)

This works for me. It saves the entire page as screenshot.
For more information you can read up the api docs:
http://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/api.html

element=driver.find_element_by_tag_name('body')
element_png = element.screenshot_as_png
with open("test2.png", "wb") as file:
    file.write(element_png)

There was an error in the code suggested earlier in line 2. Here is the corrected one. Being a noob here, not able to edit my own post as yet.

Sometimes the baove doesn’t get best results. So can use another method to get height of all elements and sum them to set the capture height as below:

element=driver.find_elements_by_xpath("/html/child::*/child::*")
    eheight=set()
    for e in element:
        eheight.add(round(e.size["height"]))
    print (eheight)
    total_height = sum(eheight)
    driver.execute_script("document.getElementsByTagName('html')[0].setAttribute('style', 'height:"+str(total_height)+"px')")
    element=driver.find_element_by_tag_name('body')
    element_png = element.screenshot_as_png
    with open(fname, "wb") as file:
        file.write(element_png)

BTW, it works on FF.

Not sure if people are still having this issue.
I’ve done a small hack that works pretty well and that plays nicely with dynamic zones. Hope it helps

# 1. get dimensions
browser = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options)
browser.set_window_size(default_width, default_height)
browser.get(url)
time.sleep(sometime)
total_height = browser.execute_script("return document.body.parentNode.scrollHeight")
browser.quit()

# 2. get screenshot
browser = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options)
browser.set_window_size(default_width, total_height)
browser.get(url)  
browser.save_screenshot(screenshot_path)

Slightly modify @ihightower and @A.Minachev’s code, and make it work in mac retina:

import time
from PIL import Image
from io import BytesIO

def fullpage_screenshot(driver, file, scroll_delay=0.3):
    device_pixel_ratio = driver.execute_script('return window.devicePixelRatio')

    total_height = driver.execute_script('return document.body.parentNode.scrollHeight')
    viewport_height = driver.execute_script('return window.innerHeight')
    total_width = driver.execute_script('return document.body.offsetWidth')
    viewport_width = driver.execute_script("return document.body.clientWidth")

    # this implementation assume (viewport_width == total_width)
    assert(viewport_width == total_width)

    # scroll the page, take screenshots and save screenshots to slices
    offset = 0  # height
    slices = {}
    while offset < total_height:
        if offset + viewport_height > total_height:
            offset = total_height - viewport_height

        driver.execute_script('window.scrollTo({0}, {1})'.format(0, offset))
        time.sleep(scroll_delay)

        img = Image.open(BytesIO(driver.get_screenshot_as_png()))
        slices[offset] = img

        offset = offset + viewport_height

    # combine image slices
    stitched_image = Image.new('RGB', (total_width * device_pixel_ratio, total_height * device_pixel_ratio))
    for offset, image in slices.items():
        stitched_image.paste(image, (0, offset * device_pixel_ratio))
    stitched_image.save(file)

fullpage_screenshot(driver, 'test.png')

I have modified jeremie-s’ answer so that it only get the url once.

browser = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options)
browser.set_window_size(default_width, default_height)
browser.get(url)
height = browser.execute_script("return document.body.parentNode.scrollHeight")

# 2. get screenshot
browser.set_window_size(default_width, height)
browser.save_screenshot(screenshot_path)

browser.quit()

This answer improves upon prior answers by am05mhz and Javed Karim.

It assumes headless mode, and that a window-size option was not initially set. Before calling this function, ensure the page has loaded fully or sufficiently.

It attempts to set the width and height both to what is necessary. The screenshot of the entire page can sometimes include a needless vertical scrollbar. One way to generally avoid the scrollbar is by taking a screenshot of the body element instead. After saving a screenshot, it reverts the size to what it was originally, failing which the size for the next screenshot may not set correctly.

Ultimately this technique may still not work perfectly well for some examples.

from selenium import webdriver

def save_screenshot(driver: webdriver.Chrome, path: str = '/tmp/screenshot.png') -> None:
    # Ref: https://stackoverflow.com/a/52572919/
    original_size = driver.get_window_size()
    required_width = driver.execute_script('return document.body.parentNode.scrollWidth')
    required_height = driver.execute_script('return document.body.parentNode.scrollHeight')
    driver.set_window_size(required_width, required_height)
    # driver.save_screenshot(path)  # has scrollbar
    driver.find_element_by_tag_name('body').screenshot(path)  # avoids scrollbar
    driver.set_window_size(original_size['width'], original_size['height'])

If using Python older than 3.6, remove the type annotations from the function definition.

Why not just getting the width and height of the page and then resize the driver? So will be something like this

total_width = driver.execute_script("return document.body.offsetWidth")
total_height = driver.execute_script("return document.body.scrollHeight")
driver.set_window_size(total_width, total_height)
driver.save_screenshot("SomeName.png")

This is going to make a screenshot of your entire page without the need to merge together different pieces.

Screenshots are limited to the viewport but you can get around this by capturing the body element, as the webdriver will capture the entire element even if it is larger than the viewport. This will save you having to deal with scrolling and stitching images, however you might see problems with footer position (like in the screenshot below).

Tested on Windows 8 and Mac High Sierra with Chrome Driver.

from selenium import webdriver

url = 'https://stackoverflow.com/'
path = '/path/to/save/in/scrape.png'

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get(url)
el = driver.find_element_by_tag_name('body')
el.screenshot(path)
driver.quit()

Returns: (full size: https://i.stack.imgur.com/ppDiI.png)

You can use Splinter
Splinter is an abstraction layer on top of existing browser automation tools such as Selenium
There is a new feature browser.screenshot(..., full=True) in new version 0.10.0.
full=True option will make full screen capture for you.

Got it!!! works like a charm

For NodeJS, but the concept is the same:

await driver.executeScript(`
      document.documentElement.style.display = "table";
      document.documentElement.style.width = "100%";
      document.body.style.display = "table-row";
`);

await driver.findElement(By.css('body')).takeScreenshot();

The key is to turn on the headless mode!
No stitching required and no need for loading the page twice.

Full working code:

URL = 'http://www.w3schools.com/js/default.asp'

options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.headless = True

driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
driver.get(URL)

S = lambda X: driver.execute_script('return document.body.parentNode.scroll'+X)
driver.set_window_size(S('Width'),S('Height')) # May need manual adjustment
driver.find_element_by_tag_name('body').screenshot('web_screenshot.png')

driver.quit()

This is practically the same code as posted by @Acumenus with slight improvements.

Summary of my findings

I decided to post this anyway because I did not find an explanation about what is happening when the headless mode is turned off (the browser is displayed) for screenshot taking purposes.
As I tested (with Chrome WebDriver), if the headless mode is turned on, the screenshot is saved as desired. However, if the headless mode is turned off, the saved screenshot has approximately the correct width and height, but the outcome varies case-by-case. Usually, the upper part of the page which is visible by the screen is saved, but the rest of the image is just plain white. There was also a case with trying to save this Stack Overflow thread by using the above link; even the upper part was not saved which interestingly now was transparent while the rest still white. The last case I noticed was only once with the given W3Schools link; there where no white parts but the upper part of the page repeated until the end, including the header.

I hope this will help for many of those who for some reason are not getting the expected result as I did not see anyone explicitly explaining about the requirement of headless mode with this simple approach.
Only when I discovered the solution to this problem myself, I found a post by @vc2279 mentioning that the window of a headless browser can be set to any size (which seems to be true for the opposite case too). Although, the solution in my post improves upon that that it does not require repeated browser/driver opening or page reloading.

Further suggestions

If for some pages it does not work for you, I suggest trying to add time.sleep(seconds) before getting the size of the page. Another case would be if the page requires scrolling until the bottom to load further content, which can be solved by the scheight method from this post:

scheight = .1
while scheight < 9.9:
    driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight/%s);" % scheight)
    scheight += .01

Also, note that for some pages the content may not be in any of the top-level HTML tags like <html> or <body>, for example, YouTube uses <ytd-app> tag.
As a last note, I found one page that “returned” a screenshot still with the horizontal scrollbar, the size of the window needed manual adjustment, i.e., the image width needed to be increased by 18 pixels, like so: S('Width')+18.

easy by python, but slowly

import os

from selenium import webdriver
from PIL import Image


def full_screenshot(driver: webdriver):
    driver.execute_script(f"window.scrollTo({0}, {0})")
    total_width = driver.execute_script("return document.body.offsetWidth")
    total_height = driver.execute_script("return document.body.parentNode.scrollHeight")
    viewport_width = driver.execute_script("return document.body.clientWidth")
    viewport_height = driver.execute_script("return window.innerHeight")
    rectangles = []
    i = 0
    while i < total_height:
        ii = 0
        top_height = i + viewport_height
        if top_height > total_height:
            top_height = total_height
        while ii < total_width:
            top_width = ii + viewport_width
            if top_width > total_width:
                top_width = total_width
            rectangles.append((ii, i, top_width, top_height))
            ii = ii + viewport_width
        i = i + viewport_height
    stitched_image = Image.new('RGB', (total_width, total_height))
    previous = None
    part = 0

    for rectangle in rectangles:
        if not previous is None:
            driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo({0}, {1})".format(rectangle[0], rectangle[1]))
        file_name = "part_{0}.png".format(part)
        driver.get_screenshot_as_file(file_name)
        screenshot = Image.open(file_name)

        if rectangle[1] + viewport_height > total_height:
            offset = (rectangle[0], total_height - viewport_height)
        else:
            offset = (rectangle[0], rectangle[1])
        stitched_image.paste(screenshot, offset)
        del screenshot
        os.remove(file_name)
        part = part + 1
        previous = rectangle
    return stitched_image

I have modified the answer given by @ihightower, instead of saving the screenshot in that function, return the total height and total width of the webpage and then set the window size to total height and total width.

from PIL import Image
from io import BytesIO

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options

def open_url(url):
    options = Options()

    options.headless = True

    driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options)

    driver.maximize_window()
    driver.get(url)
    save_screenshot(driver, 'screen.png')

def save_screenshot(driver, file_name):
    height, width = scroll_down(driver)
    driver.set_window_size(width, height)
    img_binary = driver.get_screenshot_as_png()
    img = Image.open(BytesIO(img_binary))
    img.save(file_name)
    # print(file_name)
    print(" screenshot saved ")


def scroll_down(driver):
    total_width = driver.execute_script("return document.body.offsetWidth")
    total_height = driver.execute_script("return document.body.parentNode.scrollHeight")
    viewport_width = driver.execute_script("return document.body.clientWidth")
    viewport_height = driver.execute_script("return window.innerHeight")

    rectangles = []

    i = 0
    while i < total_height:
        ii = 0
        top_height = i + viewport_height

        if top_height > total_height:
            top_height = total_height

        while ii < total_width:
            top_width = ii + viewport_width

            if top_width > total_width:
                top_width = total_width

            rectangles.append((ii, i, top_width, top_height))

            ii = ii + viewport_width

        i = i + viewport_height

    previous = None
    part = 0

    for rectangle in rectangles:
        if not previous is None:
            driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo({0}, {1})".format(rectangle[0], rectangle[1]))
            time.sleep(0.5)
        # time.sleep(0.2)

        if rectangle[1] + viewport_height > total_height:
            offset = (rectangle[0], total_height - viewport_height)
        else:
            offset = (rectangle[0], rectangle[1])

        previous = rectangle

    return (total_height, total_width)

open_url("https://www.medium.com")

My first answer on StackOverflow. I’m a newbie.
The other answers quoted by the fellow expert coders are awesome & I’m not even in the competition. I’d just like to quote the steps taken from the following link: pypi.org

Refer full-page screenshot section.

open your command prompt and navigate to the directory where Python is installed

cd "enter the directory"

install the module using pip

pip install Selenium-Screenshot

The above module works for python 3.
once the module is installed, try the following code by creating a separate file in python IDLE

from Screenshot import Screenshot_Clipping
from selenium import webdriver

ob = Screenshot_Clipping.Screenshot()
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
url = "https://github.com/sam4u3/Selenium_Screenshot/tree/master/test"
driver.get(url)

# the line below makes taking & saving screenshots very easy.

img_url=ob.full_Screenshot(driver, save_path=r'.', image_name='Myimage.png')
print(img_url)
driver.close()

driver.quit()

Source : https://pypi.org/project/Selenium-Screenshot/

from Screenshot import Screenshot_Clipping
from selenium import webdriver
import time

ob = Screenshot_Clipping.Screenshot()

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
url = "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51108726"
driver.get(url)
time.sleep(1)

img_url = ob.full_Screenshot(driver, save_path=r'.', image_name='Myimage.png')

driver.quit()

Full page screenshots are not a part of the W3C spec. However, many web drivers implement their own endpoints to get a real full page screenshot. I found this method using geckodriver to be superior to the injected "screenshot, scroll, stitch" method, and far better than resizing the window in headless mode.

Example:

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.service import Service
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options

options = Options()
options.headless = True
service = Service('/your/path/to/geckodriver')
driver = webdriver.Firefox(options=options, service=service)

driver.get('https://www.nytimes.com/')
driver.get_full_page_screenshot_as_file('example.png')

driver.close()

geckodriver (Firefox)

If you’re using geckodriver, you can hit these methods:

driver.get_full_page_screenshot_as_file
driver.save_full_page_screenshot
driver.get_full_page_screenshot_as_png
driver.get_full_page_screenshot_as_base64 

I’ve tested and confirmed these to be working on Selenium 4.07. I don’t believe these functions are included in Selenium 3.

The best documentation I could find on these is in this merge

chromedriver (Chromium)

It appears that chromedriver has implemented their own full page screenshot functionality:

https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/2300980

and the Selenium team appears to be aiming for support in Selenium 4:

https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/issues/8168

For Chrome, it’s also possible to use the Chrome DevTools Protocol:

import base64
...
        page_rect = browser.driver.execute_cdp_cmd("Page.getLayoutMetrics", {})
        screenshot = browser.driver.execute_cdp_cmd(
            "Page.captureScreenshot",
            {
                "format": "png",
                "captureBeyondViewport": True,
                "clip": {
                    "width": page_rect["contentSize"]["width"],
                    "height": page_rect["contentSize"]["height"],
                    "x": 0,
                    "y": 0,
                    "scale": 1
                }
            })

        with open(path, "wb") as file:
            file.write(base64.urlsafe_b64decode(screenshot["data"]))

Credits

This works both in headless and non-headless mode.

I’m currently using this approach:

 def take_screenshot(self, driver, screenshot_name = "debug.png"):
    elem = driver.find_element_by_tag_name('body')
    total_height = elem.size["height"] + 1000
    driver.set_window_size(1920, total_height)
    time.sleep(2)
    driver.save_screenshot(screenshot_name)
    return driver

For Python using Selenium 4 and Chrome Driver

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import time
import shutil

           
def take_full_page_screenshot():

    #Install chrome driver
    chrome_driver_path = ChromeDriverManager().install()
    service = Service(chrome_driver_path)
    service.start() 

    #setup chrome options
    options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
    options.add_argument('--headless')
    options.add_argument('--incognito')
    options.add_argument('--start-maximized')  
    options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_driver_path, options=options)

    #open url and wait for the page to load
    driver.get('https://www.stackoverflow.com')
    time.sleep(2)
        
    #find the element with longest height on page
    element = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, 'body')
    total_height = element.size["height"]+1000
    #set the window dimensions
    driver.set_window_size(1920, total_height)  

    #save screenshot
    driver.save_screenshot("screenshot.png")

    #quit driver
    driver.quit()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    take_full_page_screenshot()

If you are trying to do this post ~2021, you need to edit the find element command from:

element = driver.find_element_by_tag('body')

to:

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

...

element = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, "body")

This works for me

    s = Service("/opt/homebrew/bin/chromedriver")
    chrome_options = Options()
    chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')
    chrome_options.add_argument('--start-maximized')
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options, service=s)

    highest_ele = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//*[@id="react-app"]/div[3]/div[3]/span/span/span[2]')
    total_height = highest_ele.location['y']
    driver.set_window_size(height=total_height, width=1920)

    time.sleep(1)
    driver.save_screenshot('~/shot.png') # replace your path