In Flask, how can I use thwart?

Question

I’ve been struggling to implement user registration func with flask. Here is the code I’ve done.

import os
from flask import Flask, render_template, flash, request, url_for, redirect, session
from content_management import Content
from dbconnect import connection
from wtforms import Form, BooleanField, TextField, PasswordField, validators
from passlib.handlers.sha2_crypt import sha256_crypt
from MySQLdb import escape_string as thwart
import gc

def register_page():
    try:
        form = RegistrationForm(request.form)
        if request.method == "POST" and form.validate():
            username = form.username.data
            email = form.email.data
            password = sha256_crypt.encrypt((str(form.password.data)))

            c, conn = connection()

            x = c.execute("SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = (%s)", (thwart(username)))
            if int(x) > 0:
                flash("That username is already taken, please choose another")
                return render_template("register.html", form = form)
            else:
                c.execute("INSERT INTO users (username, email, password, tracking) VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s)", (thwart(username), thwart(password), thwart(email), thwart("/introduction-to-python-programming/")))
                conn.commit()
                flash("Thanks for registering")
                c.close()
                conn.close()
                gc.collect()

                session['login_in'] = True
                session['username'] = username

                return redirect(url_for('dashboard'))
        return render_template("register.html", form = form)

    except Exception as e:
        return(str(e))

When I fill the form and hit submit button, error occurs like as follows.

not all arguments converted during string formatting

I guess this happens because of thwart.
When I insert print(thwart(username)), output b’username’.

But there is no value of int(x).

x = c.execute("SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = (%s)", (thwart(username)))

The above seems not working because of (thwart(username)), I’m not sure.

Would you tell me how I can fix it?

Asked By: Yuiry Kozlenko

||

Source

Answer 1

To denote a tuple with a item, there should be a trailing comma before the closing parenthesis:

>>> x = (1)  # without trailing command => `(1) == 1`
>>> type(x)
<type 'int'>
>>> x = (1,)  # with trailing comma
>>> type(x)
<type 'tuple'>

x = c.execute("SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = (%s)", (thwart(username),))

or you can use a list:

x = c.execute("SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = (%s)", [thwart(username)])

SIDE NOTE
According to DB API v2, cursor.execute*(..) return value is not defined. You’d better to use use cursor.fetch*() to fetch results.

Answered By: falsetru

In Flask, how can I use thwart?

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