Extracting the first day of month of a datetime type column in pandas
Question:
I have the following dataframe:
user_id purchase_date
1 2015-01-23 14:05:21
2 2015-02-05 05:07:30
3 2015-02-18 17:08:51
4 2015-03-21 17:07:30
5 2015-03-11 18:32:56
6 2015-03-03 11:02:30
and purchase_date
is a datetime64[ns]
column. I need to add a new column df[month]
that contains first day of the month of the purchase date:
df['month']
2015-01-01
2015-02-01
2015-02-01
2015-03-01
2015-03-01
2015-03-01
I’m looking for something like DATE_FORMAT(purchase_date, "%Y-%m-01") m
in SQL. I have tried the following code:
df['month']=df['purchase_date'].apply(lambda x : x.replace(day=1))
It works somehow but returns: 2015-01-01 14:05:21
.
Answers:
Simpliest and fastest is convert to numpy array
by to_numpy
and then cast:
df['month'] = df['purchase_date'].to_numpy().astype('datetime64[M]')
print (df)
user_id purchase_date month
0 1 2015-01-23 14:05:21 2015-01-01
1 2 2015-02-05 05:07:30 2015-02-01
2 3 2015-02-18 17:08:51 2015-02-01
3 4 2015-03-21 17:07:30 2015-03-01
4 5 2015-03-11 18:32:56 2015-03-01
5 6 2015-03-03 11:02:30 2015-03-01
Another solution with floor
and pd.offsets.MonthBegin(1)
and add pd.offsets.MonthEnd(0)
for correct ouput if first day of month:
df['month'] = (df['purchase_date'].dt.floor('d') +
pd.offsets.MonthEnd(0) - pd.offsets.MonthBegin(1))
print (df)
user_id purchase_date month
0 1 2015-01-23 14:05:21 2015-01-01
1 2 2015-02-05 05:07:30 2015-02-01
2 3 2015-02-18 17:08:51 2015-02-01
3 4 2015-03-21 17:07:30 2015-03-01
4 5 2015-03-11 18:32:56 2015-03-01
5 6 2015-03-03 11:02:30 2015-03-01
df['month'] = ((df['purchase_date'] + pd.offsets.MonthEnd(0) - pd.offsets.MonthBegin(1))
.dt.floor('d'))
print (df)
user_id purchase_date month
0 1 2015-01-23 14:05:21 2015-01-01
1 2 2015-02-05 05:07:30 2015-02-01
2 3 2015-02-18 17:08:51 2015-02-01
3 4 2015-03-21 17:07:30 2015-03-01
4 5 2015-03-11 18:32:56 2015-03-01
5 6 2015-03-03 11:02:30 2015-03-01
Last solution is create month period
by to_period
:
df['month'] = df['purchase_date'].dt.to_period('M')
print (df)
user_id purchase_date month
0 1 2015-01-23 14:05:21 2015-01
1 2 2015-02-05 05:07:30 2015-02
2 3 2015-02-18 17:08:51 2015-02
3 4 2015-03-21 17:07:30 2015-03
4 5 2015-03-11 18:32:56 2015-03
5 6 2015-03-03 11:02:30 2015-03
… and then to datetimes
by to_timestamp
, but it is a bit slowier:
df['month'] = df['purchase_date'].dt.to_period('M').dt.to_timestamp()
print (df)
user_id purchase_date month
0 1 2015-01-23 14:05:21 2015-01-01
1 2 2015-02-05 05:07:30 2015-02-01
2 3 2015-02-18 17:08:51 2015-02-01
3 4 2015-03-21 17:07:30 2015-03-01
4 5 2015-03-11 18:32:56 2015-03-01
5 6 2015-03-03 11:02:30 2015-03-01
There are many solutions, so:
Timings (in pandas 1.2.3):
rng = pd.date_range('1980-04-01 15:41:12', periods=100000, freq='20H')
df = pd.DataFrame({'purchase_date': rng})
print (df.head())
In [70]: %timeit df['purchase_date'].to_numpy().astype('datetime64[M]')
8.6 ms ± 27.6 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100 loops each)
In [71]: %timeit df['purchase_date'].dt.floor('d') + pd.offsets.MonthEnd(n=0) - pd.offsets.MonthBegin(n=1)
23 ms ± 130 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10 loops each)
In [72]: %timeit (df['purchase_date'] + pd.offsets.MonthEnd(0) - pd.offsets.MonthBegin(1)).dt.floor('d')
23.6 ms ± 97.9 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10 loops each)
In [73]: %timeit df['purchase_date'].dt.to_period('M')
9.25 ms ± 215 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100 loops each)
In [74]: %timeit df['purchase_date'].dt.to_period('M').dt.to_timestamp()
17.6 ms ± 485 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10 loops each)
In [76]: %timeit df['purchase_date'] + pd.offsets.MonthEnd(0) - pd.offsets.MonthBegin(normalize=True)
23.1 ms ± 116 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10 loops each)
In [77]: %timeit df['purchase_date'].dt.normalize().map(MonthBegin().rollback)
1.66 s ± 7.16 ms per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1 loop each)
We can use date offset in conjunction with Series.dt.normalize:
In [60]: df['month'] = df['purchase_date'].dt.normalize() - pd.offsets.MonthBegin(1)
In [61]: df
Out[61]:
user_id purchase_date month
0 1 2015-01-23 14:05:21 2015-01-01
1 2 2015-02-05 05:07:30 2015-02-01
2 3 2015-02-18 17:08:51 2015-02-01
3 4 2015-03-21 17:07:30 2015-03-01
4 5 2015-03-11 18:32:56 2015-03-01
5 6 2015-03-03 11:02:30 2015-03-01
Or much nicer solution from @BradSolomon
In [95]: df['month'] = df['purchase_date'] - pd.offsets.MonthBegin(1, normalize=True)
In [96]: df
Out[96]:
user_id purchase_date month
0 1 2015-01-23 14:05:21 2015-01-01
1 2 2015-02-05 05:07:30 2015-02-01
2 3 2015-02-18 17:08:51 2015-02-01
3 4 2015-03-21 17:07:30 2015-03-01
4 5 2015-03-11 18:32:56 2015-03-01
5 6 2015-03-03 11:02:30 2015-03-01
Try this ..
df['month']=pd.to_datetime(df.purchase_date.astype(str).str[0:7]+'-01')
Out[187]:
user_id purchase_date month
0 1 2015-01-23 14:05:21 2015-01-01
1 2 2015-02-05 05:07:30 2015-02-01
2 3 2015-02-18 17:08:51 2015-02-01
3 4 2015-03-21 17:07:30 2015-03-01
4 5 2015-03-11 18:32:56 2015-03-01
5 6 2015-03-03 11:02:30 2015-03-01
For me df['purchase_date'] - pd.offsets.MonthBegin(1)
didn’t work (it fails for the first day of the month), so I’m subtracting the days of the month like this:
df['purchase_date'] - pd.to_timedelta(df['purchase_date'].dt.day - 1, unit='d')
@Eyal: This is what I did to get the first day of the month using pd.offsets.MonthBegin
and handle the scenario where day is already first day of month.
import datetime
from_date= pd.to_datetime('2018-12-01')
from_date = from_date - pd.offsets.MonthBegin(1, normalize=True) if not from_date.is_month_start else from_date
from_date
result: Timestamp('2018-12-01 00:00:00')
from_date= pd.to_datetime('2018-12-05')
from_date = from_date - pd.offsets.MonthBegin(1, normalize=True) if not rom_date.is_month_start else from_date
from_date
result: Timestamp('2018-12-01 00:00:00')
Most proposed solutions don’t work for the first day of the month.
Following solution works for any day of the month:
df['month'] = df['purchase_date'] + pd.offsets.MonthEnd(0) - pd.offsets.MonthBegin(normalize=True)
[EDIT]
Another, more readable, solution is:
from pandas.tseries.offsets import MonthBegin
df['month'] = df['purchase_date'].dt.normalize().map(MonthBegin().rollback)
Be aware not to use:
df['month'] = df['purchase_date'].map(MonthBegin(normalize=True).rollback)
because that gives incorrect results for the first day due to a bug: https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/32616
To extract the first day of every month, you could write a little helper function that will also work if the provided date is already the first of month. The function looks like this:
def first_of_month(date):
return date + pd.offsets.MonthEnd(-1) + pd.offsets.Day(1)
You can apply
this function on pd.Series
:
df['month'] = df['purchase_date'].apply(first_of_month)
With that you will get the month
column as a Timestamp
. If you need a specific format, you might convert it with the strftime()
method.
df['month_str'] = df['month'].dt.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
How about this easy solution?
As purchase_date
is already in datetime64[ns]
format, you can use strftime to format the date to always have the first day of month.
df['date'] = df['purchase_date'].apply(lambda x: x.strftime('%Y-%m-01'))
print(df)
user_id purchase_date date
0 1 2015-01-23 14:05:21 2015-01-01
1 2 2015-02-05 05:07:30 2015-02-01
2 3 2015-02-18 17:08:51 2015-02-01
3 4 2015-03-21 17:07:30 2015-03-01
4 5 2015-03-11 18:32:56 2015-03-01
5 6 2015-03-03 11:02:30 2015-03-01
Because we used strftime
, now the date
column is in object
(string) type:
print(df.dtypes)
user_id int64
purchase_date datetime64[ns]
date object
dtype: object
Now if you want it to be in datetime64[ns]
, just use pd.to_datetime():
df['date'] = pd.to_datetime(df['date'])
print(df.dtypes)
user_id int64
purchase_date datetime64[ns]
date datetime64[ns]
dtype: object
try this Pandas libraries, where ‘purchase_date’ is date parameter placed into the module.
date['month_start'] = pd.to_datetime(sched_slim.purchase_date)
.dt.to_period('M')
.dt.to_timestamp()
Just adding my 2 cents, for the sake of completeness:
1 – transform purchase_date to date, instead of datetime. This will remove hour, minute, second, etc…
df['purchase_date'] = df['purchase_date'].dt.date
2 – apply the datetime replace, to use day 1 instead of the original:
df['purchase_date_begin'] = df['purchase_date'].apply(lambda x: x.replace(day=1))
This replace method is available on the datetime library:
from datetime import date
today = date.today()
month_start = today.replace(day=1)
and you can replace day, month, year, etc…
I have the following dataframe:
user_id purchase_date
1 2015-01-23 14:05:21
2 2015-02-05 05:07:30
3 2015-02-18 17:08:51
4 2015-03-21 17:07:30
5 2015-03-11 18:32:56
6 2015-03-03 11:02:30
and purchase_date
is a datetime64[ns]
column. I need to add a new column df[month]
that contains first day of the month of the purchase date:
df['month']
2015-01-01
2015-02-01
2015-02-01
2015-03-01
2015-03-01
2015-03-01
I’m looking for something like DATE_FORMAT(purchase_date, "%Y-%m-01") m
in SQL. I have tried the following code:
df['month']=df['purchase_date'].apply(lambda x : x.replace(day=1))
It works somehow but returns: 2015-01-01 14:05:21
.
Simpliest and fastest is convert to numpy array
by to_numpy
and then cast:
df['month'] = df['purchase_date'].to_numpy().astype('datetime64[M]')
print (df)
user_id purchase_date month
0 1 2015-01-23 14:05:21 2015-01-01
1 2 2015-02-05 05:07:30 2015-02-01
2 3 2015-02-18 17:08:51 2015-02-01
3 4 2015-03-21 17:07:30 2015-03-01
4 5 2015-03-11 18:32:56 2015-03-01
5 6 2015-03-03 11:02:30 2015-03-01
Another solution with floor
and pd.offsets.MonthBegin(1)
and add pd.offsets.MonthEnd(0)
for correct ouput if first day of month:
df['month'] = (df['purchase_date'].dt.floor('d') +
pd.offsets.MonthEnd(0) - pd.offsets.MonthBegin(1))
print (df)
user_id purchase_date month
0 1 2015-01-23 14:05:21 2015-01-01
1 2 2015-02-05 05:07:30 2015-02-01
2 3 2015-02-18 17:08:51 2015-02-01
3 4 2015-03-21 17:07:30 2015-03-01
4 5 2015-03-11 18:32:56 2015-03-01
5 6 2015-03-03 11:02:30 2015-03-01
df['month'] = ((df['purchase_date'] + pd.offsets.MonthEnd(0) - pd.offsets.MonthBegin(1))
.dt.floor('d'))
print (df)
user_id purchase_date month
0 1 2015-01-23 14:05:21 2015-01-01
1 2 2015-02-05 05:07:30 2015-02-01
2 3 2015-02-18 17:08:51 2015-02-01
3 4 2015-03-21 17:07:30 2015-03-01
4 5 2015-03-11 18:32:56 2015-03-01
5 6 2015-03-03 11:02:30 2015-03-01
Last solution is create month period
by to_period
:
df['month'] = df['purchase_date'].dt.to_period('M')
print (df)
user_id purchase_date month
0 1 2015-01-23 14:05:21 2015-01
1 2 2015-02-05 05:07:30 2015-02
2 3 2015-02-18 17:08:51 2015-02
3 4 2015-03-21 17:07:30 2015-03
4 5 2015-03-11 18:32:56 2015-03
5 6 2015-03-03 11:02:30 2015-03
… and then to datetimes
by to_timestamp
, but it is a bit slowier:
df['month'] = df['purchase_date'].dt.to_period('M').dt.to_timestamp()
print (df)
user_id purchase_date month
0 1 2015-01-23 14:05:21 2015-01-01
1 2 2015-02-05 05:07:30 2015-02-01
2 3 2015-02-18 17:08:51 2015-02-01
3 4 2015-03-21 17:07:30 2015-03-01
4 5 2015-03-11 18:32:56 2015-03-01
5 6 2015-03-03 11:02:30 2015-03-01
There are many solutions, so:
Timings (in pandas 1.2.3):
rng = pd.date_range('1980-04-01 15:41:12', periods=100000, freq='20H')
df = pd.DataFrame({'purchase_date': rng})
print (df.head())
In [70]: %timeit df['purchase_date'].to_numpy().astype('datetime64[M]')
8.6 ms ± 27.6 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100 loops each)
In [71]: %timeit df['purchase_date'].dt.floor('d') + pd.offsets.MonthEnd(n=0) - pd.offsets.MonthBegin(n=1)
23 ms ± 130 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10 loops each)
In [72]: %timeit (df['purchase_date'] + pd.offsets.MonthEnd(0) - pd.offsets.MonthBegin(1)).dt.floor('d')
23.6 ms ± 97.9 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10 loops each)
In [73]: %timeit df['purchase_date'].dt.to_period('M')
9.25 ms ± 215 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100 loops each)
In [74]: %timeit df['purchase_date'].dt.to_period('M').dt.to_timestamp()
17.6 ms ± 485 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10 loops each)
In [76]: %timeit df['purchase_date'] + pd.offsets.MonthEnd(0) - pd.offsets.MonthBegin(normalize=True)
23.1 ms ± 116 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10 loops each)
In [77]: %timeit df['purchase_date'].dt.normalize().map(MonthBegin().rollback)
1.66 s ± 7.16 ms per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1 loop each)
We can use date offset in conjunction with Series.dt.normalize:
In [60]: df['month'] = df['purchase_date'].dt.normalize() - pd.offsets.MonthBegin(1)
In [61]: df
Out[61]:
user_id purchase_date month
0 1 2015-01-23 14:05:21 2015-01-01
1 2 2015-02-05 05:07:30 2015-02-01
2 3 2015-02-18 17:08:51 2015-02-01
3 4 2015-03-21 17:07:30 2015-03-01
4 5 2015-03-11 18:32:56 2015-03-01
5 6 2015-03-03 11:02:30 2015-03-01
Or much nicer solution from @BradSolomon
In [95]: df['month'] = df['purchase_date'] - pd.offsets.MonthBegin(1, normalize=True)
In [96]: df
Out[96]:
user_id purchase_date month
0 1 2015-01-23 14:05:21 2015-01-01
1 2 2015-02-05 05:07:30 2015-02-01
2 3 2015-02-18 17:08:51 2015-02-01
3 4 2015-03-21 17:07:30 2015-03-01
4 5 2015-03-11 18:32:56 2015-03-01
5 6 2015-03-03 11:02:30 2015-03-01
Try this ..
df['month']=pd.to_datetime(df.purchase_date.astype(str).str[0:7]+'-01')
Out[187]:
user_id purchase_date month
0 1 2015-01-23 14:05:21 2015-01-01
1 2 2015-02-05 05:07:30 2015-02-01
2 3 2015-02-18 17:08:51 2015-02-01
3 4 2015-03-21 17:07:30 2015-03-01
4 5 2015-03-11 18:32:56 2015-03-01
5 6 2015-03-03 11:02:30 2015-03-01
For me df['purchase_date'] - pd.offsets.MonthBegin(1)
didn’t work (it fails for the first day of the month), so I’m subtracting the days of the month like this:
df['purchase_date'] - pd.to_timedelta(df['purchase_date'].dt.day - 1, unit='d')
@Eyal: This is what I did to get the first day of the month using pd.offsets.MonthBegin
and handle the scenario where day is already first day of month.
import datetime
from_date= pd.to_datetime('2018-12-01')
from_date = from_date - pd.offsets.MonthBegin(1, normalize=True) if not from_date.is_month_start else from_date
from_date
result: Timestamp('2018-12-01 00:00:00')
from_date= pd.to_datetime('2018-12-05')
from_date = from_date - pd.offsets.MonthBegin(1, normalize=True) if not rom_date.is_month_start else from_date
from_date
result: Timestamp('2018-12-01 00:00:00')
Most proposed solutions don’t work for the first day of the month.
Following solution works for any day of the month:
df['month'] = df['purchase_date'] + pd.offsets.MonthEnd(0) - pd.offsets.MonthBegin(normalize=True)
[EDIT]
Another, more readable, solution is:
from pandas.tseries.offsets import MonthBegin
df['month'] = df['purchase_date'].dt.normalize().map(MonthBegin().rollback)
Be aware not to use:
df['month'] = df['purchase_date'].map(MonthBegin(normalize=True).rollback)
because that gives incorrect results for the first day due to a bug: https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/32616
To extract the first day of every month, you could write a little helper function that will also work if the provided date is already the first of month. The function looks like this:
def first_of_month(date):
return date + pd.offsets.MonthEnd(-1) + pd.offsets.Day(1)
You can apply
this function on pd.Series
:
df['month'] = df['purchase_date'].apply(first_of_month)
With that you will get the month
column as a Timestamp
. If you need a specific format, you might convert it with the strftime()
method.
df['month_str'] = df['month'].dt.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
How about this easy solution?
As purchase_date
is already in datetime64[ns]
format, you can use strftime to format the date to always have the first day of month.
df['date'] = df['purchase_date'].apply(lambda x: x.strftime('%Y-%m-01'))
print(df)
user_id purchase_date date
0 1 2015-01-23 14:05:21 2015-01-01
1 2 2015-02-05 05:07:30 2015-02-01
2 3 2015-02-18 17:08:51 2015-02-01
3 4 2015-03-21 17:07:30 2015-03-01
4 5 2015-03-11 18:32:56 2015-03-01
5 6 2015-03-03 11:02:30 2015-03-01
Because we used strftime
, now the date
column is in object
(string) type:
print(df.dtypes)
user_id int64
purchase_date datetime64[ns]
date object
dtype: object
Now if you want it to be in datetime64[ns]
, just use pd.to_datetime():
df['date'] = pd.to_datetime(df['date'])
print(df.dtypes)
user_id int64
purchase_date datetime64[ns]
date datetime64[ns]
dtype: object
try this Pandas libraries, where ‘purchase_date’ is date parameter placed into the module.
date['month_start'] = pd.to_datetime(sched_slim.purchase_date)
.dt.to_period('M')
.dt.to_timestamp()
Just adding my 2 cents, for the sake of completeness:
1 – transform purchase_date to date, instead of datetime. This will remove hour, minute, second, etc…
df['purchase_date'] = df['purchase_date'].dt.date
2 – apply the datetime replace, to use day 1 instead of the original:
df['purchase_date_begin'] = df['purchase_date'].apply(lambda x: x.replace(day=1))
This replace method is available on the datetime library:
from datetime import date
today = date.today()
month_start = today.replace(day=1)
and you can replace day, month, year, etc…