Pandas Multi-Index DataFrame to Numpy Ndarray
Question:
I am trying to convert a multi-index pandas DataFrame
into a numpy.ndarray
. The DataFrame is below:
s1 s2 s3 s4
Action State
1 s1 0.0 0 0.8 0.2
s2 0.1 0 0.9 0.0
2 s1 0.0 0 0.9 0.1
s2 0.0 0 1.0 0.0
I would like the resulting numpy.ndarray
to be the following with np.shape() = (2,2,4)
:
[[[ 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.2 ]
[ 0.1 0.0 0.9 0.0 ]]
[[ 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.1 ]
[ 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0]]]
I have tried df.as_matrix()
but this returns:
[[ 0. 0. 0.8 0.2]
[ 0.1 0. 0.9 0. ]
[ 0. 0. 0.9 0.1]
[ 0. 0. 1. 0. ]]
How do I return a list of lists for the first level with each list representing an Action
records.
Answers:
One way
In [151]: df.groupby(level=0).apply(lambda x: x.values.tolist()).values
Out[151]:
array([[[0.0, 0.0, 0.8, 0.2],
[0.1, 0.0, 0.9, 0.0]],
[[0.0, 0.0, 0.9, 0.1],
[0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0]]], dtype=object)
You could use the following:
dim = len(df.index.get_level_values(0).unique())
result = df.values.reshape((dim1, dim1, df.shape[1]))
print(result)
[[[ 0. 0. 0.8 0.2]
[ 0.1 0. 0.9 0. ]]
[[ 0. 0. 0.9 0.1]
[ 0. 0. 1. 0. ]]]
The first line just finds the number of groups that you want to groupby.
Why this (or groupby) is needed: as soon as you use .values
, you lose the dimensionality of the MultiIndex from pandas. So you need to re-pass that dimensionality to NumPy in some way.
Using Divakar’s suggestion, np.reshape()
worked:
>>> print(P)
s1 s2 s3 s4
Action State
1 s1 0.0 0 0.8 0.2
s2 0.1 0 0.9 0.0
2 s1 0.0 0 0.9 0.1
s2 0.0 0 1.0 0.0
>>> np.reshape(P,(2,2,-1))
[[[ 0. 0. 0.8 0.2]
[ 0.1 0. 0.9 0. ]]
[[ 0. 0. 0.9 0.1]
[ 0. 0. 1. 0. ]]]
>>> np.shape(P)
(2, 2, 4)
Elaborating on Brad Solomon’s answer, to get a sligthly more generic solution – indexes of different sizes and an unfixed number of indexes – one could do something like this:
def df_to_numpy(df):
try:
shape = [len(level) for level in df.index.levels]
except AttributeError:
shape = [len(df.index)]
ncol = df.shape[-1]
if ncol > 1:
shape.append(ncol)
return df.to_numpy().reshape(shape)
If df
has missing sub-indexes reshape
will not work. One way to add them would be (maybe there are better solutions):
def enforce_df_shape(df):
try:
ind = pd.MultiIndex.from_product([level.values for level in df.index.levels])
except AttributeError:
return df
fulldf = pd.DataFrame(-1, columns=df.columns, index=ind) # remove -1 to fill fulldf with nan
fulldf.update(df)
return fulldf
If you are just trying to pull out one column, say s1, and get an array with shape (2,2) you can use the .index.levshape
like this:
x = df.s1.to_numpy().reshape(df.index.levshape)
This will give you a (2,2) containing the value of s1.
I am trying to convert a multi-index pandas DataFrame
into a numpy.ndarray
. The DataFrame is below:
s1 s2 s3 s4
Action State
1 s1 0.0 0 0.8 0.2
s2 0.1 0 0.9 0.0
2 s1 0.0 0 0.9 0.1
s2 0.0 0 1.0 0.0
I would like the resulting numpy.ndarray
to be the following with np.shape() = (2,2,4)
:
[[[ 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.2 ]
[ 0.1 0.0 0.9 0.0 ]]
[[ 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.1 ]
[ 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0]]]
I have tried df.as_matrix()
but this returns:
[[ 0. 0. 0.8 0.2]
[ 0.1 0. 0.9 0. ]
[ 0. 0. 0.9 0.1]
[ 0. 0. 1. 0. ]]
How do I return a list of lists for the first level with each list representing an Action
records.
One way
In [151]: df.groupby(level=0).apply(lambda x: x.values.tolist()).values
Out[151]:
array([[[0.0, 0.0, 0.8, 0.2],
[0.1, 0.0, 0.9, 0.0]],
[[0.0, 0.0, 0.9, 0.1],
[0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0]]], dtype=object)
You could use the following:
dim = len(df.index.get_level_values(0).unique())
result = df.values.reshape((dim1, dim1, df.shape[1]))
print(result)
[[[ 0. 0. 0.8 0.2]
[ 0.1 0. 0.9 0. ]]
[[ 0. 0. 0.9 0.1]
[ 0. 0. 1. 0. ]]]
The first line just finds the number of groups that you want to groupby.
Why this (or groupby) is needed: as soon as you use .values
, you lose the dimensionality of the MultiIndex from pandas. So you need to re-pass that dimensionality to NumPy in some way.
Using Divakar’s suggestion, np.reshape()
worked:
>>> print(P)
s1 s2 s3 s4
Action State
1 s1 0.0 0 0.8 0.2
s2 0.1 0 0.9 0.0
2 s1 0.0 0 0.9 0.1
s2 0.0 0 1.0 0.0
>>> np.reshape(P,(2,2,-1))
[[[ 0. 0. 0.8 0.2]
[ 0.1 0. 0.9 0. ]]
[[ 0. 0. 0.9 0.1]
[ 0. 0. 1. 0. ]]]
>>> np.shape(P)
(2, 2, 4)
Elaborating on Brad Solomon’s answer, to get a sligthly more generic solution – indexes of different sizes and an unfixed number of indexes – one could do something like this:
def df_to_numpy(df):
try:
shape = [len(level) for level in df.index.levels]
except AttributeError:
shape = [len(df.index)]
ncol = df.shape[-1]
if ncol > 1:
shape.append(ncol)
return df.to_numpy().reshape(shape)
If df
has missing sub-indexes reshape
will not work. One way to add them would be (maybe there are better solutions):
def enforce_df_shape(df):
try:
ind = pd.MultiIndex.from_product([level.values for level in df.index.levels])
except AttributeError:
return df
fulldf = pd.DataFrame(-1, columns=df.columns, index=ind) # remove -1 to fill fulldf with nan
fulldf.update(df)
return fulldf
If you are just trying to pull out one column, say s1, and get an array with shape (2,2) you can use the .index.levshape
like this:
x = df.s1.to_numpy().reshape(df.index.levshape)
This will give you a (2,2) containing the value of s1.