How to run Docker with python and Java?
Question:
I need both java and python in my docker container to run some code.
This is my dockerfile:
It works perpectly if I don’t add the FROM openjdk:slim
#get python
FROM python:3.6-slim
RUN pip install --trusted-host pypi.python.org flask
#get openjdk
FROM openjdk:slim
COPY . /targetdir
WORKDIR /targetdir
# Make port 81 available to the world outside this container
EXPOSE 81
CMD ["python", "test.py"]
And the test.py app is in the same directory:
from flask import Flask
import os
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route("/")
def hello():
html = "<h3>Test:{test}</h3>"
test = os.environ['JAVA_HOME']
return html.format(test = test)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug=True,host='0.0.0.0',port=81)
I’m getting this error:
D:MyAppsDocker ToolboxDocker Toolboxdocker.exe: Error response from daemon: OCI runtime create failed: container_linux.go:348: starting container process caused "exec: "python": executable file not found in $PATH": unknown.
What exactly am I doing wrong here? I’m new to docker, perhaps I’m missing a step.
Additional details
My goal
I have to run a python program that runs a Java file. The python library I’m using requires the path to JAVA_HOME.
My issues:
-
I do not know Java, so I cannot run the file properly.
-
My entire code is in Python, except this Java bit
-
The Python wrapper runs the file in a way I need it to run.
Answers:
I believe that by adding FROM openjdk:slim line, you tell docker to execute all of your subsequent commands in openjdk container (which does not have python)
I would approach this by creating two separate containers for openjdk and python and specify individual sets of commands for them.
Docker is made to modularize your solutions and mashing everything into one container is usually a bad practice.
Instead of using FROM openjdk:slim you can separately install Java, please refer below example:
# Install OpenJDK-8
RUN apt-get update &&
apt-get install -y openjdk-8-jdk &&
apt-get install -y ant &&
apt-get clean;
# Fix certificate issues
RUN apt-get update &&
apt-get install ca-certificates-java &&
apt-get clean &&
update-ca-certificates -f;
# Setup JAVA_HOME -- useful for docker commandline
ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/
RUN export JAVA_HOME
OK it took me a little while to figure it out. And my thanks go to this answer.
I think my approach didn’t work because I did not have a basic version of Linux.
So it goes like this:
- Get Linux (I’m using Alpine because it’s barebones)
- Get Java via the package manager
- Get Python, PIP
OPTIONAL: find and set JAVA_HOME
- Find the path to JAVA_HOME. Perhaps there is a better way to do this, but I did this running the running the container, then I looked inside the container using
docker exec -it [COINTAINER ID] bin/bash and found it.
- Set
JAVA_HOME in dockerfile and build + run it all again
Here is the final Dockerfile ( it should work with the python code in the question) :
### 1. Get Linux
FROM alpine:3.7
### 2. Get Java via the package manager
RUN apk update
&& apk upgrade
&& apk add --no-cache bash
&& apk add --no-cache --virtual=build-dependencies unzip
&& apk add --no-cache curl
&& apk add --no-cache openjdk8-jre
### 3. Get Python, PIP
RUN apk add --no-cache python3
&& python3 -m ensurepip
&& pip3 install --upgrade pip setuptools
&& rm -r /usr/lib/python*/ensurepip &&
if [ ! -e /usr/bin/pip ]; then ln -s pip3 /usr/bin/pip ; fi &&
if [[ ! -e /usr/bin/python ]]; then ln -sf /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python; fi &&
rm -r /root/.cache
### Get Flask for the app
RUN pip install --trusted-host pypi.python.org flask
####
#### OPTIONAL : 4. SET JAVA_HOME environment variable, uncomment the line below if you need it
#ENV JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8-openjdk"
####
EXPOSE 81
ADD test.py /
CMD ["python", "test.py"]
I’m new to Docker, so this may not be the best possible solution. I’m open to suggestions.
UPDATE: COMMON ISUUES
- Difficulty using python packages
As Joabe Lucena pointed out here, Alpine can have issues certain python packages.
I recommend that you use a Linux distro that works best for you, e.g. centos.
you should have one FROM in your dockerfile
(unless you use multi-stage build for the docker)
Oh, let me add my five cents. I took python slim as a base image. Then I found open-jdk-11 (Note, open-jdk-10 will fail because it is not supported) base image code!… And copy-pasted it into my docker file.
Note, copy-paste driven development is cool… ONLY when you understand each line you use in your code!!!
And here it is!
<!-- language: shell -->
FROM python:3.7.2-slim
# Do your stuff, install python.
# and now Jdk
RUN rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* && apt-get clean && apt-get update && apt-get upgrade -y
&& apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends curl ca-certificates
&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
ENV JAVA_VERSION jdk-11.0.2+7
COPY slim-java* /usr/local/bin/
RUN set -eux;
ARCH="$(dpkg --print-architecture)";
case "${ARCH}" in
ppc64el|ppc64le)
ESUM='c18364a778b1b990e8e62d094377af48b000f9f6a64ec21baff6a032af06386d';
BINARY_URL='https://github.com/AdoptOpenJDK/openjdk11-binaries/releases/download/jdk-11.0.1%2B13/OpenJDK11U-jdk_ppc64le_linux_hotspot_11.0.1_13.tar.gz';
;;
s390x)
ESUM='e39aacc270731dadcdc000aaaf709adae7a08113ccf5b4a045bc87fc13458d71';
BINARY_URL='https://github.com/AdoptOpenJDK/openjdk11-binaries/releases/download/jdk-11%2B28/OpenJDK11-jdk_s390x_linux_hotspot_11_28.tar.gz';
;;
amd64|x86_64)
ESUM='d89304a971e5186e80b6a48a9415e49583b7a5a9315ba5552d373be7782fc528';
BINARY_URL='https://github.com/AdoptOpenJDK/openjdk11-binaries/releases/download/jdk-11.0.2%2B7/OpenJDK11U-jdk_x64_linux_hotspot_11.0.2_7.tar.gz';
;;
aarch64|arm64)
ESUM='b66121b9a0c2e7176373e670a499b9d55344bcb326f67140ad6d0dc24d13d3e2';
BINARY_URL='https://github.com/AdoptOpenJDK/openjdk11-binaries/releases/download/jdk-11.0.1%2B13/OpenJDK11U-jdk_aarch64_linux_hotspot_11.0.1_13.tar.gz';
;;
*)
echo "Unsupported arch: ${ARCH}";
exit 1;
;;
esac;
curl -Lso /tmp/openjdk.tar.gz ${BINARY_URL};
sha256sum /tmp/openjdk.tar.gz;
mkdir -p /opt/java/openjdk;
cd /opt/java/openjdk;
echo "${ESUM} /tmp/openjdk.tar.gz" | sha256sum -c -;
tar -xf /tmp/openjdk.tar.gz;
jdir=$(dirname $(dirname $(find /opt/java/openjdk -name javac)));
mv ${jdir}/* /opt/java/openjdk;
export PATH="/opt/java/openjdk/bin:$PATH";
apt-get update; apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends binutils;
/usr/local/bin/slim-java.sh /opt/java/openjdk;
apt-get remove -y binutils;
rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*;
rm -rf ${jdir} /tmp/openjdk.tar.gz;
ENV JAVA_HOME=/opt/java/openjdk
PATH="/opt/java/openjdk/bin:$PATH"
ENV JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS="-XX:+UseContainerSupport"
Now references.
https://github.com/AdoptOpenJDK/openjdk-docker/blob/master/11/jdk/ubuntu/Dockerfile.hotspot.releases.slim
https://hub.docker.com/_/python/
https://hub.docker.com/r/adoptopenjdk/openjdk11/
I used them to answer this question, which may help you sometime.
Running Python and Java in Docker
An easier solution to the above issue is to use multi-stage docker containers where you can copy the content from one to another. In the above case you can have openjdk:slim as the base container and then use content from a python container to be copied over into this base container as follows:
FROM openjdk:slim
COPY --from=python:3.6 / /
...
<normal instructions for python container continues>
...
This feature is available as of Docker 17.05 and there are more things you can do using multi-stage build as in copying only the content you need from one to another.
Another alternative is to simply use docker-java-python image from docker hub. https://hub.docker.com/r/rappdw/docker-java-python
FROM rappdw/docker-java-python:openjdk1.8.0_171-python3.6.6
RUN java -version
RUN python --version
I tried pajamas‘s anwser which worked very well for creating this image. However, when trying to install packages like gensim, pandas or else, I faced some errors like: don't know how to compile Fortran code on platform 'posix'. I searched and tried this, this and that but none worked for me.
So, based on pajamas‘s anwser I decided to convert his image from Alpine to Centos which worked very well. So here’s a Dockerfile that might help someone who’s may be struggling in this scenario like I was:
# Get Linux
FROM centos:7
# Install Java
RUN yum update -y
&& yum install java-1.8.0-openjdk -y
&& yum clean all
&& rm -rf /var/cache/yum
# Set JAVA_HOME environment var
ENV JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/jre-openjdk"
# Install Python
RUN yum install python3 -y
&& pip3 install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel
&& if [ ! -e /usr/bin/pip ]; then ln -s pip3 /usr/bin/pip ; fi
&& if [[ ! -e /usr/bin/python ]]; then ln -sf /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python; fi
&& yum clean all
&& rm -rf /var/cache/yum
CMD ["bash"]
I found Sunny Pal’s answer very useful but I made the copy more specific and added the necessary environment variables and update-alternatives lines so that Java was accessible from the command line in the Python container.
FROM python:3.9-slim
COPY --from=openjdk:8-jre-slim /usr/local/openjdk-8 /usr/local/openjdk-8
ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/openjdk-8
RUN update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /usr/local/openjdk-8/bin/java 1
...
I think i found easiest way to mix java jdk 17 and python3. I is not working on python2
FROM openjdk:17.0.1-jdk-slim
RUN apt-get update &&
apt-get install -y software-properties-common &&
apt-get install -y python3-pip
Software Commons have python3 lightweight version. (3.9.1 version)
U can also install some libraries like that.
RUN python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip &&
python3 -m pip install numpy &&
python3 -m pip install opencv-python
OR
RUN apt-get update &&
apt-get install -y ffmpeg
Easiest is to just start from a Python image and add the OpenJDK. Note that FROM openjdk has been deprecated and replaced with eclipse-temurin
FROM python:3.10
ENV JAVA_HOME=/opt/java/openjdk
COPY --from=eclipse-temurin:17-jre $JAVA_HOME $JAVA_HOME
ENV PATH="${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${PATH}"
RUN pip install --trusted-host pypi.python.org flask
See How to use this Image – Using a different base Image section of https://hub.docker.com/_/eclipse-temurin for details.
Here’s one I personally use that works with Java 17.
FROM eclipse-temurin:17-jre-alpine
# Install Python and pip, can modify with a specific version of python too
RUN apk add --no-cache python3 py3-pip
# Add your own commands, you can add python packages with pip install
Skipped the security best practices to keep this short.
I need both java and python in my docker container to run some code.
This is my dockerfile:
It works perpectly if I don’t add the FROM openjdk:slim
#get python
FROM python:3.6-slim
RUN pip install --trusted-host pypi.python.org flask
#get openjdk
FROM openjdk:slim
COPY . /targetdir
WORKDIR /targetdir
# Make port 81 available to the world outside this container
EXPOSE 81
CMD ["python", "test.py"]
And the test.py app is in the same directory:
from flask import Flask
import os
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route("/")
def hello():
html = "<h3>Test:{test}</h3>"
test = os.environ['JAVA_HOME']
return html.format(test = test)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug=True,host='0.0.0.0',port=81)
I’m getting this error:
D:MyAppsDocker ToolboxDocker Toolboxdocker.exe: Error response from daemon: OCI runtime create failed: container_linux.go:348: starting container process caused "exec: "python": executable file not found in $PATH": unknown.
What exactly am I doing wrong here? I’m new to docker, perhaps I’m missing a step.
Additional details
My goal
I have to run a python program that runs a Java file. The python library I’m using requires the path to JAVA_HOME.
My issues:
-
I do not know Java, so I cannot run the file properly.
-
My entire code is in Python, except this Java bit
-
The Python wrapper runs the file in a way I need it to run.
I believe that by adding FROM openjdk:slim line, you tell docker to execute all of your subsequent commands in openjdk container (which does not have python)
I would approach this by creating two separate containers for openjdk and python and specify individual sets of commands for them.
Docker is made to modularize your solutions and mashing everything into one container is usually a bad practice.
Instead of using FROM openjdk:slim you can separately install Java, please refer below example:
# Install OpenJDK-8
RUN apt-get update &&
apt-get install -y openjdk-8-jdk &&
apt-get install -y ant &&
apt-get clean;
# Fix certificate issues
RUN apt-get update &&
apt-get install ca-certificates-java &&
apt-get clean &&
update-ca-certificates -f;
# Setup JAVA_HOME -- useful for docker commandline
ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/
RUN export JAVA_HOME
OK it took me a little while to figure it out. And my thanks go to this answer.
I think my approach didn’t work because I did not have a basic version of Linux.
So it goes like this:
- Get Linux (I’m using Alpine because it’s barebones)
- Get Java via the package manager
- Get Python, PIP
OPTIONAL: find and set JAVA_HOME
- Find the path to JAVA_HOME. Perhaps there is a better way to do this, but I did this running the running the container, then I looked inside the container using
docker exec -it [COINTAINER ID] bin/bashand found it. - Set
JAVA_HOMEin dockerfile and build + run it all again
Here is the final Dockerfile ( it should work with the python code in the question) :
### 1. Get Linux
FROM alpine:3.7
### 2. Get Java via the package manager
RUN apk update
&& apk upgrade
&& apk add --no-cache bash
&& apk add --no-cache --virtual=build-dependencies unzip
&& apk add --no-cache curl
&& apk add --no-cache openjdk8-jre
### 3. Get Python, PIP
RUN apk add --no-cache python3
&& python3 -m ensurepip
&& pip3 install --upgrade pip setuptools
&& rm -r /usr/lib/python*/ensurepip &&
if [ ! -e /usr/bin/pip ]; then ln -s pip3 /usr/bin/pip ; fi &&
if [[ ! -e /usr/bin/python ]]; then ln -sf /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python; fi &&
rm -r /root/.cache
### Get Flask for the app
RUN pip install --trusted-host pypi.python.org flask
####
#### OPTIONAL : 4. SET JAVA_HOME environment variable, uncomment the line below if you need it
#ENV JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8-openjdk"
####
EXPOSE 81
ADD test.py /
CMD ["python", "test.py"]
I’m new to Docker, so this may not be the best possible solution. I’m open to suggestions.
UPDATE: COMMON ISUUES
- Difficulty using python packages
As Joabe Lucena pointed out here, Alpine can have issues certain python packages.
I recommend that you use a Linux distro that works best for you, e.g. centos.
you should have one FROM in your dockerfile
(unless you use multi-stage build for the docker)
Oh, let me add my five cents. I took python slim as a base image. Then I found open-jdk-11 (Note, open-jdk-10 will fail because it is not supported) base image code!… And copy-pasted it into my docker file.
Note, copy-paste driven development is cool… ONLY when you understand each line you use in your code!!!
And here it is!
<!-- language: shell -->
FROM python:3.7.2-slim
# Do your stuff, install python.
# and now Jdk
RUN rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* && apt-get clean && apt-get update && apt-get upgrade -y
&& apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends curl ca-certificates
&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
ENV JAVA_VERSION jdk-11.0.2+7
COPY slim-java* /usr/local/bin/
RUN set -eux;
ARCH="$(dpkg --print-architecture)";
case "${ARCH}" in
ppc64el|ppc64le)
ESUM='c18364a778b1b990e8e62d094377af48b000f9f6a64ec21baff6a032af06386d';
BINARY_URL='https://github.com/AdoptOpenJDK/openjdk11-binaries/releases/download/jdk-11.0.1%2B13/OpenJDK11U-jdk_ppc64le_linux_hotspot_11.0.1_13.tar.gz';
;;
s390x)
ESUM='e39aacc270731dadcdc000aaaf709adae7a08113ccf5b4a045bc87fc13458d71';
BINARY_URL='https://github.com/AdoptOpenJDK/openjdk11-binaries/releases/download/jdk-11%2B28/OpenJDK11-jdk_s390x_linux_hotspot_11_28.tar.gz';
;;
amd64|x86_64)
ESUM='d89304a971e5186e80b6a48a9415e49583b7a5a9315ba5552d373be7782fc528';
BINARY_URL='https://github.com/AdoptOpenJDK/openjdk11-binaries/releases/download/jdk-11.0.2%2B7/OpenJDK11U-jdk_x64_linux_hotspot_11.0.2_7.tar.gz';
;;
aarch64|arm64)
ESUM='b66121b9a0c2e7176373e670a499b9d55344bcb326f67140ad6d0dc24d13d3e2';
BINARY_URL='https://github.com/AdoptOpenJDK/openjdk11-binaries/releases/download/jdk-11.0.1%2B13/OpenJDK11U-jdk_aarch64_linux_hotspot_11.0.1_13.tar.gz';
;;
*)
echo "Unsupported arch: ${ARCH}";
exit 1;
;;
esac;
curl -Lso /tmp/openjdk.tar.gz ${BINARY_URL};
sha256sum /tmp/openjdk.tar.gz;
mkdir -p /opt/java/openjdk;
cd /opt/java/openjdk;
echo "${ESUM} /tmp/openjdk.tar.gz" | sha256sum -c -;
tar -xf /tmp/openjdk.tar.gz;
jdir=$(dirname $(dirname $(find /opt/java/openjdk -name javac)));
mv ${jdir}/* /opt/java/openjdk;
export PATH="/opt/java/openjdk/bin:$PATH";
apt-get update; apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends binutils;
/usr/local/bin/slim-java.sh /opt/java/openjdk;
apt-get remove -y binutils;
rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*;
rm -rf ${jdir} /tmp/openjdk.tar.gz;
ENV JAVA_HOME=/opt/java/openjdk
PATH="/opt/java/openjdk/bin:$PATH"
ENV JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS="-XX:+UseContainerSupport"
Now references.
https://github.com/AdoptOpenJDK/openjdk-docker/blob/master/11/jdk/ubuntu/Dockerfile.hotspot.releases.slim
https://hub.docker.com/_/python/
https://hub.docker.com/r/adoptopenjdk/openjdk11/
I used them to answer this question, which may help you sometime.
Running Python and Java in Docker
An easier solution to the above issue is to use multi-stage docker containers where you can copy the content from one to another. In the above case you can have openjdk:slim as the base container and then use content from a python container to be copied over into this base container as follows:
FROM openjdk:slim
COPY --from=python:3.6 / /
...
<normal instructions for python container continues>
...
This feature is available as of Docker 17.05 and there are more things you can do using multi-stage build as in copying only the content you need from one to another.
Another alternative is to simply use docker-java-python image from docker hub. https://hub.docker.com/r/rappdw/docker-java-python
FROM rappdw/docker-java-python:openjdk1.8.0_171-python3.6.6
RUN java -version
RUN python --version
I tried pajamas‘s anwser which worked very well for creating this image. However, when trying to install packages like gensim, pandas or else, I faced some errors like: don't know how to compile Fortran code on platform 'posix'. I searched and tried this, this and that but none worked for me.
So, based on pajamas‘s anwser I decided to convert his image from Alpine to Centos which worked very well. So here’s a Dockerfile that might help someone who’s may be struggling in this scenario like I was:
# Get Linux
FROM centos:7
# Install Java
RUN yum update -y
&& yum install java-1.8.0-openjdk -y
&& yum clean all
&& rm -rf /var/cache/yum
# Set JAVA_HOME environment var
ENV JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/jre-openjdk"
# Install Python
RUN yum install python3 -y
&& pip3 install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel
&& if [ ! -e /usr/bin/pip ]; then ln -s pip3 /usr/bin/pip ; fi
&& if [[ ! -e /usr/bin/python ]]; then ln -sf /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python; fi
&& yum clean all
&& rm -rf /var/cache/yum
CMD ["bash"]
I found Sunny Pal’s answer very useful but I made the copy more specific and added the necessary environment variables and update-alternatives lines so that Java was accessible from the command line in the Python container.
FROM python:3.9-slim
COPY --from=openjdk:8-jre-slim /usr/local/openjdk-8 /usr/local/openjdk-8
ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/openjdk-8
RUN update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /usr/local/openjdk-8/bin/java 1
...
I think i found easiest way to mix java jdk 17 and python3. I is not working on python2
FROM openjdk:17.0.1-jdk-slim
RUN apt-get update &&
apt-get install -y software-properties-common &&
apt-get install -y python3-pip
Software Commons have python3 lightweight version. (3.9.1 version)
U can also install some libraries like that.
RUN python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip &&
python3 -m pip install numpy &&
python3 -m pip install opencv-python
OR
RUN apt-get update &&
apt-get install -y ffmpeg
Easiest is to just start from a Python image and add the OpenJDK. Note that FROM openjdk has been deprecated and replaced with eclipse-temurin
FROM python:3.10
ENV JAVA_HOME=/opt/java/openjdk
COPY --from=eclipse-temurin:17-jre $JAVA_HOME $JAVA_HOME
ENV PATH="${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${PATH}"
RUN pip install --trusted-host pypi.python.org flask
See How to use this Image – Using a different base Image section of https://hub.docker.com/_/eclipse-temurin for details.
Here’s one I personally use that works with Java 17.
FROM eclipse-temurin:17-jre-alpine
# Install Python and pip, can modify with a specific version of python too
RUN apk add --no-cache python3 py3-pip
# Add your own commands, you can add python packages with pip install
Skipped the security best practices to keep this short.