Cartesian zoom with polar plot in python
Question:
I am trying to plot some data in polar coordinates (I am currently using the polar projection):
The code I am using is the following:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
# Create radial and angular array
r = np.linspace(1.0,10,11)
t = np.linspace(0.0,0.5*np.pi,101)
# Define the quantity that I want to plot
z = np.zeros((len(t),len(r)))
for yval in range(len(r)):
z[:,yval] = np.cos(16.0*t)/r[yval]
#Create the figure
f = plt.figure(figsize=(13,8))
ax = plt.subplot(111, projection='polar')
ax.set_rorigin(-1)
#Plot the data
pcm = ax.pcolormesh(t,r,z.T,cmap = 'hot',shading='gouraud')
ax.set_xlim([0.0,0.5*np.pi])
ax.set_ylim([1.0,10.0])
#Add colorbar and show
bar = f.colorbar(pcm)
plt.show()
So far I have no problem, but I would like to zoom on a particular region of this plot.
However, when I set the axes range the axes is still polar, therefore I cannot zoom on a "cartesian" region of the domain (i.e. a square box).
A possible option would be to transform the data into cartesian coordinates, but when I do it I lose a lot of resolution in the inner part of the domain, which is something that I should absolutely avoid.
How can I select a rectangular zone of a plot in polar coordinates without transforming by hand the data? And in case I have to switch to cartesian coordinates, is there any matplotlib or python function that does it while taking care of the resolution in the inner regions of the domain?
Thanks in advance
Answers:
You can create an X, Y mesh yourself that is has a higher resolution on the inner part of the domain and use that with ax.pcolormesh()
# Create radial and angular array
r = np.linspace(1.0,10,11)
t = np.linspace(0.0,0.5*np.pi,101)
# Define the quantity that I want to plot
z = np.zeros((len(t),len(r)))
for yval in range(len(r)):
z[:,yval] = np.cos(16.0*t)/r[yval]
#Create the figure, bigger figsize to make the resulting plot square
f = plt.figure(figsize=(13,10))
ax = plt.subplot(111) # Drop back to XY coordinates
# Generate the XY corners of the colormesh
X = np.array([[ri*np.cos(j) for j in t] for ri in r])
Y = np.array([[ri*np.sin(j) for j in t] for ri in r])
#Plot the data
pcm = ax.pcolormesh(X,Y,z.T,cmap = 'hot',shading='gouraud')
#Add colorbar and show
bar = f.colorbar(pcm)
plt.show()
A way to do this is to create an expanded polar plot and then clip a rectangle of it. A picture is worth a thousand words:
Here is a function that allows you to do so. The arguments are the original axes, the xlims and ylims of the region to be zoomed and the inset axes bounds (x0, y0, width, height) in the original axes coordinates. The function outputs a cartesian ax with the specified limits, a polar axes where you can plot and the rmax value you need to set AFTER plotting (if you do it before, it will change after plotting).
def create_polar_zoom_inset(ax, xlims, ylims, inset_bounds):
# Create cartesian axes for inset
ax_inset_cart = ax.inset_axes(inset_bounds)
ax_inset_cart.set_xlim(xlims)
ax_inset_cart.set_ylim(ylims)
# Calculate location of expanded polar inset
# Scale factor from data to axes coordinates
xscalefactor = inset_bounds[2]/(xlims[1] - xlims[0])
yscalefactor = inset_bounds[3]/(ylims[1] - ylims[0])
# Center of expanded polar inset
center_inset_polar = [
inset_bounds[0] - xlims[0]*xscalefactor,
inset_bounds[1] - ylims[0]*yscalefactor
]
# Max value of r in the inset
rmax_inset = 2*np.sqrt(np.power(xlims, 2).max() + np.power(ylims, 2).max())
# Size of the expanded polar inset
size_inset_polar = [2*rmax_inset*xscalefactor, 2*rmax_inset*yscalefactor]
# Create expanded polar inset
polar_inset_bounds = [
center_inset_polar[0] - 0.5*size_inset_polar[0],
center_inset_polar[1] - 0.5*size_inset_polar[1],
size_inset_polar[0],
size_inset_polar[1]
]
ax_inset_polar = ax.inset_axes(polar_inset_bounds, projection="polar")
ax_inset_polar.set_facecolor("None")
# Remove tick labels from expanded polar inset
ax_inset_polar.xaxis.set_ticklabels([])
ax_inset_polar.yaxis.set_ticklabels([])
# Clip elements of the expanded inset outside the cartesian inset
ax_inset_polar.patch = ax_inset_cart.patch
for axis in [ax_inset_polar.xaxis, ax_inset_polar.yaxis]:
axis.set_clip_path(ax_inset_cart.patch)
ax_inset_polar.spines['polar'].set_clip_path(ax_inset_cart.patch)
return ax_inset_cart, ax_inset_polar, rmax_inset
The code in your example is especially hard since the origin of the axes is not (0,0) but (-1,-1). That would need additional tinkering. But if we set rorigin to 0 (as it will be usually the case), the code would look as follows
# Create radial and angular array
r = np.linspace(1.0,10,11)
t = np.linspace(0.0,0.5*np.pi,101)
# Define the quantity that I want to plot
z = np.zeros((len(t),len(r)))
for yval in range(len(r)):
z[:,yval] = np.cos(16.0*t)/r[yval]
#Create the figure
f = plt.figure(figsize=(13,8))
ax = plt.subplot(111, projection='polar')
ax.set_rorigin(0)
#Plot the data
pcm = ax.pcolormesh(t,r,z.T,cmap = 'hot',shading='gouraud')
ax.set_xlim([0.0,0.5*np.pi])
ax.set_ylim([1.0,10.0])
#Add colorbar and show
bar = f.colorbar(pcm)
#Create inset
ax_c, ax_p, rmax_inset = create_polar_zoom_inset(
ax, xlims=[0., 2.], ylims=[1, 2], inset_bounds=[0.4, 0.3, 0.6, 0.3])
#Plot on inset
ax_p.pcolormesh(t,r,z.T,cmap = 'hot',shading='gouraud')
#Make rorigin and rmin coincide with the original plot
ax_p.set_rorigin(0)
ax_p.set_rmin(1)
#Set rmax
ax_p.set_rmax(rmax_inset)
plt.show()
I am trying to plot some data in polar coordinates (I am currently using the polar projection):
The code I am using is the following:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
# Create radial and angular array
r = np.linspace(1.0,10,11)
t = np.linspace(0.0,0.5*np.pi,101)
# Define the quantity that I want to plot
z = np.zeros((len(t),len(r)))
for yval in range(len(r)):
z[:,yval] = np.cos(16.0*t)/r[yval]
#Create the figure
f = plt.figure(figsize=(13,8))
ax = plt.subplot(111, projection='polar')
ax.set_rorigin(-1)
#Plot the data
pcm = ax.pcolormesh(t,r,z.T,cmap = 'hot',shading='gouraud')
ax.set_xlim([0.0,0.5*np.pi])
ax.set_ylim([1.0,10.0])
#Add colorbar and show
bar = f.colorbar(pcm)
plt.show()
So far I have no problem, but I would like to zoom on a particular region of this plot.
However, when I set the axes range the axes is still polar, therefore I cannot zoom on a "cartesian" region of the domain (i.e. a square box).
A possible option would be to transform the data into cartesian coordinates, but when I do it I lose a lot of resolution in the inner part of the domain, which is something that I should absolutely avoid.
How can I select a rectangular zone of a plot in polar coordinates without transforming by hand the data? And in case I have to switch to cartesian coordinates, is there any matplotlib or python function that does it while taking care of the resolution in the inner regions of the domain?
Thanks in advance
You can create an X, Y mesh yourself that is has a higher resolution on the inner part of the domain and use that with ax.pcolormesh()
# Create radial and angular array
r = np.linspace(1.0,10,11)
t = np.linspace(0.0,0.5*np.pi,101)
# Define the quantity that I want to plot
z = np.zeros((len(t),len(r)))
for yval in range(len(r)):
z[:,yval] = np.cos(16.0*t)/r[yval]
#Create the figure, bigger figsize to make the resulting plot square
f = plt.figure(figsize=(13,10))
ax = plt.subplot(111) # Drop back to XY coordinates
# Generate the XY corners of the colormesh
X = np.array([[ri*np.cos(j) for j in t] for ri in r])
Y = np.array([[ri*np.sin(j) for j in t] for ri in r])
#Plot the data
pcm = ax.pcolormesh(X,Y,z.T,cmap = 'hot',shading='gouraud')
#Add colorbar and show
bar = f.colorbar(pcm)
plt.show()
A way to do this is to create an expanded polar plot and then clip a rectangle of it. A picture is worth a thousand words:
Here is a function that allows you to do so. The arguments are the original axes, the xlims and ylims of the region to be zoomed and the inset axes bounds (x0, y0, width, height) in the original axes coordinates. The function outputs a cartesian ax with the specified limits, a polar axes where you can plot and the rmax value you need to set AFTER plotting (if you do it before, it will change after plotting).
def create_polar_zoom_inset(ax, xlims, ylims, inset_bounds):
# Create cartesian axes for inset
ax_inset_cart = ax.inset_axes(inset_bounds)
ax_inset_cart.set_xlim(xlims)
ax_inset_cart.set_ylim(ylims)
# Calculate location of expanded polar inset
# Scale factor from data to axes coordinates
xscalefactor = inset_bounds[2]/(xlims[1] - xlims[0])
yscalefactor = inset_bounds[3]/(ylims[1] - ylims[0])
# Center of expanded polar inset
center_inset_polar = [
inset_bounds[0] - xlims[0]*xscalefactor,
inset_bounds[1] - ylims[0]*yscalefactor
]
# Max value of r in the inset
rmax_inset = 2*np.sqrt(np.power(xlims, 2).max() + np.power(ylims, 2).max())
# Size of the expanded polar inset
size_inset_polar = [2*rmax_inset*xscalefactor, 2*rmax_inset*yscalefactor]
# Create expanded polar inset
polar_inset_bounds = [
center_inset_polar[0] - 0.5*size_inset_polar[0],
center_inset_polar[1] - 0.5*size_inset_polar[1],
size_inset_polar[0],
size_inset_polar[1]
]
ax_inset_polar = ax.inset_axes(polar_inset_bounds, projection="polar")
ax_inset_polar.set_facecolor("None")
# Remove tick labels from expanded polar inset
ax_inset_polar.xaxis.set_ticklabels([])
ax_inset_polar.yaxis.set_ticklabels([])
# Clip elements of the expanded inset outside the cartesian inset
ax_inset_polar.patch = ax_inset_cart.patch
for axis in [ax_inset_polar.xaxis, ax_inset_polar.yaxis]:
axis.set_clip_path(ax_inset_cart.patch)
ax_inset_polar.spines['polar'].set_clip_path(ax_inset_cart.patch)
return ax_inset_cart, ax_inset_polar, rmax_inset
The code in your example is especially hard since the origin of the axes is not (0,0) but (-1,-1). That would need additional tinkering. But if we set rorigin to 0 (as it will be usually the case), the code would look as follows
# Create radial and angular array
r = np.linspace(1.0,10,11)
t = np.linspace(0.0,0.5*np.pi,101)
# Define the quantity that I want to plot
z = np.zeros((len(t),len(r)))
for yval in range(len(r)):
z[:,yval] = np.cos(16.0*t)/r[yval]
#Create the figure
f = plt.figure(figsize=(13,8))
ax = plt.subplot(111, projection='polar')
ax.set_rorigin(0)
#Plot the data
pcm = ax.pcolormesh(t,r,z.T,cmap = 'hot',shading='gouraud')
ax.set_xlim([0.0,0.5*np.pi])
ax.set_ylim([1.0,10.0])
#Add colorbar and show
bar = f.colorbar(pcm)
#Create inset
ax_c, ax_p, rmax_inset = create_polar_zoom_inset(
ax, xlims=[0., 2.], ylims=[1, 2], inset_bounds=[0.4, 0.3, 0.6, 0.3])
#Plot on inset
ax_p.pcolormesh(t,r,z.T,cmap = 'hot',shading='gouraud')
#Make rorigin and rmin coincide with the original plot
ax_p.set_rorigin(0)
ax_p.set_rmin(1)
#Set rmax
ax_p.set_rmax(rmax_inset)
plt.show()