Importing matplotlib causes "int() argument must be a string" error
Question:
I’m new to Python. A few days ago I installed Anaconda and PyCharm (on D disk), and I am trying to use the matplotlib package to plot one picture. When I click "run", I get the following error:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "G:onedriveOneDrive - mail.dlut.edu.cnPyCharmshock waveP6.py", line 7, in <module>
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
File "D:anaconda3libsite-packagesmatplotlibpyplot.py", line 2230, in <module>
switch_backend(rcParams["backend"])
File "D:anaconda3libsite-packagesmatplotlib__init__.py", line 672, in __getitem__
plt.switch_backend(rcsetup._auto_backend_sentinel)
File "D:anaconda3libsite-packagesmatplotlibpyplot.py", line 247, in switch_backend
switch_backend(candidate)
File "D:anaconda3libsite-packagesmatplotlibpyplot.py", line 267, in switch_backend
class backend_mod(matplotlib.backend_bases._Backend):
File "D:anaconda3libsite-packagesmatplotlibpyplot.py", line 268, in backend_mod
locals().update(vars(importlib.import_module(backend_name)))
File "D:anaconda3libimportlib__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
File "D:anaconda3libsite-packagesmatplotlibbackendsbackend_qtagg.py", line 12, in <module>
from .backend_qt import (
File "D:anaconda3libsite-packagesmatplotlibbackendsbackend_qt.py", line 73, in <module>
_MODIFIER_KEYS = [
File "D:anaconda3libsite-packagesmatplotlibbackendsbackend_qt.py", line 74, in <listcomp>
(_to_int(getattr(_enum("QtCore.Qt.KeyboardModifier"), mod)),
TypeError: int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a number, not 'KeyboardModifier'
Process finished with exit code 1
Answers:
It looks like this is a bug in pyside6 v6.3.0, one of the libraries matplotlib depends on for rendering plots; here’s the bug report. It’s a new bug, and it’s already been fixed, so it’s really bad luck that it got you!
Solution: the issue seems to be fixed in pyside version 6.4.0 (released 13 October), so one solution is to upgrade it, or you could downgrade, e.g. to version 6.2. Another solution is to try using another backend, because I think the problem only affects the Qt backend. (A backend is a rendering engine for matplotlib — read all about them.) It’s easy to try this latter option, so let’s start there.
Use another backend
Try this at the top of your script:
import matplotlib
matplotlib.use('tkagg')
Or you can try others; see this page for help.
Up- or down-grade pyside
To handle this, you’ll need to deal with ‘virtual environments’. You may already be doing this. Environments let you have different versions of Python and different collections of packages for different projects you might be working on.
Fix the base environment…
When you install Anaconda, it made an environment called base that contains ‘everything’ in Anaconda (Python plus lots of libraries like matplotlib). You can upgrade the version of pyside in the base environment by opening an Anaconda prompt from the Start menu and typing this:
conda install -c conda-forge pyside==6.4.0
However, most programmers don’t use their base environment and prefer to manage an environment specific to their project. If you are doing this, or want to give it a try, read on.
…or make a new environment
Alternatively, to make a new environment, open an Anaconda prompt and type this but replace MYENV with a short suitable name for the environment:
conda create -n MYENV python=3.10 pyside=6.4.0 anaconda
Or you can replace anaconda with a list of the packages you want, like jupyter scipy networkx or whatever.
You would then start using this environment with conda activate MYENV and your script or notebook should run in there no problem.
Update
When Update pyside >=6.4.0, You alse need update matplotlib to 3.6.2
Reason:
Qt for Python Release: 6.4 The new Enum system
Sloution
update matplotlib to 3.6.2
Refer github Isue#24332
I’m new to Python. A few days ago I installed Anaconda and PyCharm (on D disk), and I am trying to use the matplotlib package to plot one picture. When I click "run", I get the following error:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "G:onedriveOneDrive - mail.dlut.edu.cnPyCharmshock waveP6.py", line 7, in <module>
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
File "D:anaconda3libsite-packagesmatplotlibpyplot.py", line 2230, in <module>
switch_backend(rcParams["backend"])
File "D:anaconda3libsite-packagesmatplotlib__init__.py", line 672, in __getitem__
plt.switch_backend(rcsetup._auto_backend_sentinel)
File "D:anaconda3libsite-packagesmatplotlibpyplot.py", line 247, in switch_backend
switch_backend(candidate)
File "D:anaconda3libsite-packagesmatplotlibpyplot.py", line 267, in switch_backend
class backend_mod(matplotlib.backend_bases._Backend):
File "D:anaconda3libsite-packagesmatplotlibpyplot.py", line 268, in backend_mod
locals().update(vars(importlib.import_module(backend_name)))
File "D:anaconda3libimportlib__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
File "D:anaconda3libsite-packagesmatplotlibbackendsbackend_qtagg.py", line 12, in <module>
from .backend_qt import (
File "D:anaconda3libsite-packagesmatplotlibbackendsbackend_qt.py", line 73, in <module>
_MODIFIER_KEYS = [
File "D:anaconda3libsite-packagesmatplotlibbackendsbackend_qt.py", line 74, in <listcomp>
(_to_int(getattr(_enum("QtCore.Qt.KeyboardModifier"), mod)),
TypeError: int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a number, not 'KeyboardModifier'
Process finished with exit code 1
It looks like this is a bug in pyside6 v6.3.0, one of the libraries matplotlib depends on for rendering plots; here’s the bug report. It’s a new bug, and it’s already been fixed, so it’s really bad luck that it got you!
Solution: the issue seems to be fixed in pyside version 6.4.0 (released 13 October), so one solution is to upgrade it, or you could downgrade, e.g. to version 6.2. Another solution is to try using another backend, because I think the problem only affects the Qt backend. (A backend is a rendering engine for matplotlib — read all about them.) It’s easy to try this latter option, so let’s start there.
Use another backend
Try this at the top of your script:
import matplotlib
matplotlib.use('tkagg')
Or you can try others; see this page for help.
Up- or down-grade pyside
To handle this, you’ll need to deal with ‘virtual environments’. You may already be doing this. Environments let you have different versions of Python and different collections of packages for different projects you might be working on.
Fix the base environment…
When you install Anaconda, it made an environment called base that contains ‘everything’ in Anaconda (Python plus lots of libraries like matplotlib). You can upgrade the version of pyside in the base environment by opening an Anaconda prompt from the Start menu and typing this:
conda install -c conda-forge pyside==6.4.0
However, most programmers don’t use their base environment and prefer to manage an environment specific to their project. If you are doing this, or want to give it a try, read on.
…or make a new environment
Alternatively, to make a new environment, open an Anaconda prompt and type this but replace MYENV with a short suitable name for the environment:
conda create -n MYENV python=3.10 pyside=6.4.0 anaconda
Or you can replace anaconda with a list of the packages you want, like jupyter scipy networkx or whatever.
You would then start using this environment with conda activate MYENV and your script or notebook should run in there no problem.
Update
When Update pyside >=6.4.0, You alse need update matplotlib to 3.6.2
Reason:
Qt for Python Release: 6.4 The new Enum system
Sloution
update matplotlib to 3.6.2
Refer github Isue#24332