ValueError: The truth value of an array

Question

I work on a Python 3.11 program and I have this error:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "ÉgalisationPython VersionWiener Filtermain.py", line 14, in <module>
    symb = [random.choice(A) for _ in range(nbsymb)]
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "ÉgalisationPython VersionWiener Filtermain.py", line 14, in <listcomp>
    symb = [random.choice(A) for _ in range(nbsymb)]
            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "ProgramsPythonPython311Librandom.py", line 369, in choice
    if not seq:
ValueError: The truth value of an array with more than one element is ambiguous. Use a.any() or a.all()

When I run this simple code:

import numpy as np
import random

nbsymb = 8
M = 16
A = np.arange(-np.sqrt(M)+1, np.sqrt(M), 2)
symb = [random.choice(A) for _ in range(8)]

Asked By: Dylan Chevalier

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Source

Answer 1

Sounds like this is due to a regression in Python 3.11 which was later fixed. Upgrade to Python >=3.11.2

Numpy has its own random stuff, perhaps you should use that instead: https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/random/

If for some reason you can’t upgrade, choose random elements from a list instead of a numpy array:

A = list(np.arange(-np.sqrt(M)+1, np.sqrt(M), 2))
symb = [random.choice(A) for _ in range(nbsymb)]

Answered By: decorator-factory

ValueError: The truth value of an array

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