Python, "TypeError: string indices must be integers, not 'str'" while not using any indices
Question:
there! Currently trying to code my first program to automate an API, but got stuck at the moment where I transfer 2 arguments from earlier functions to the 3-rd function.
BTW, feel free to leave any suggestions for the whole code, apart for the error.
Here I’m authenticating and extract the cookie token:
import requests
import json
from workfiles import general_http_methods
base_url = 'https://restful-booker.herokuapp.com'
"""Authentication"""
def booker_auth_method():
auth_resource = '/auth'
auth_url = base_url + auth_resource
print(auth_url)
auth_body = {'username': 'admin',
'password': 'password123'}
result_auth_token = general_http_methods.general_post_method(auth_url, auth_body)
json_result_auth_token = result_auth_token.json()
value_of_the_cookie_json_result_auth_token = str(json_result_auth_token.get('token'))
adding_token_to_value = 'token=' + value_of_the_cookie_json_result_auth_token
result_auth_cookie_token = {'Cookie': adding_token_to_value}
print(result_auth_cookie_token)
return result_auth_cookie_token
booker_auth_method_var = booker_auth_method()['Cookie']
Then I create a booking:
"""Creating a booking"""
def booker_create_booking_method():
create_booking_resource = '/booking'
create_booking_body = {
"firstname": 'Python',
"lastname": "Tester",
"totalprice": 111,
"depositpaid": True,
"bookingdates": {
"checkin": "2023-01-01",
"checkout": "2023-01-02"},
"additionalneeds": "Breakfast"}
create_booking_url = base_url + create_booking_resource
print(create_booking_url)
create_booking_result = general_http_methods.general_post_method(create_booking_url, create_booking_body)
json_create_booking_result = create_booking_result.json()
booking_id = json_create_booking_result.get('bookingid')
print(json_create_booking_result)
print(booking_id)
return booking_id
booker_create_booking_method_var = booker_create_booking_method()
Finally, I wanna pass the return values from the 2 previous functions into the function below. To do that, I saved the return values in the variables (booker_auth_method_var, booker_create_booking_method_var) and pass them as arguments into my next function.
"Updating the WHOLE booking"
def booker_update_booking_method(booker_auth_method_var, booker_create_booking_method_var):
update_booking_resource = '/booking/'
update_booking_cookie_token = booker_auth_method_var #
update_booking_id = str(booker_create_booking_method_var) #
update_booking_url = base_url + update_booking_resource + update_booking_id
update_booking_body = {
"firstname": "Python",
"lastname": "QA Engineer",
"totalprice": 777,
"depositpaid": False,
"bookingdates": {
"checkin": "2023-07-08",
"checkout": "2023-07-15"},
"additionalneeds": "ALL INCLUSIVE"}
update_booking_result = general_http_methods.general_put_method(update_booking_url, update_booking_cookie_token, update_booking_body)
print(update_booking_cookie_token)
print(update_booking_url)
print(update_booking_result.text)
return update_booking_result
booker_update_booking_method(booker_auth_method_var, booker_create_booking_method_var)
However, at the result I get the topic error, even though I don’t even use any indices:
https://restful-booker.herokuapp.com/auth
{'Cookie': 'token=006b0313b7e7bb1'}
https://restful-booker.herokuapp.com/booking
{'bookingid': 8187, 'booking': {'firstname': 'Python', 'lastname': 'Tester', 'totalprice': 111, 'depositpaid': True, 'bookingdates': {'checkin': '2023-01-01', 'checkout': '2023-01-02'}, 'additionalneeds': 'Breakfast'}}
8187
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/usr/PycharmProjects/booker_automation/workfiles/booker_http_methods.py", line 80, in <module>
booker_update_booking_method(booker_auth_method_var, booker_create_booking_method_var)
File "/Users/usr/PycharmProjects/booker_automation/workfiles/booker_http_methods.py", line 72, in booker_update_booking_method
update_booking_result = general_http_methods.general_put_method(update_booking_url, update_booking_cookie_token,
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/Users/usr/PycharmProjects/booker_automation/workfiles/general_http_methods.py", line 20, in general_put_method
result = requests.put(url, headers=headers, cookies=cookies, json=body)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/Users/usr/PycharmProjects/autom_udemy_course_smith/lib/python3.11/site-packages/requests/api.py", line 130, in put
return request("put", url, data=data, **kwargs)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/Users/usr/PycharmProjects/autom_udemy_course_smith/lib/python3.11/site-packages/requests/api.py", line 59, in request
return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/Users/usr/PycharmProjects/autom_udemy_course_smith/lib/python3.11/site-packages/requests/sessions.py", line 573, in request
prep = self.prepare_request(req)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/Users/usr/PycharmProjects/autom_udemy_course_smith/lib/python3.11/site-packages/requests/sessions.py", line 471, in prepare_request
cookies = cookiejar_from_dict(cookies)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/Users/usr/PycharmProjects/autom_udemy_course_smith/lib/python3.11/site-packages/requests/cookies.py", line 537, in cookiejar_from_dict
cookiejar.set_cookie(create_cookie(name, cookie_dict[name]))
~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^
TypeError: string indices must be integers, not 'str'
Process finished with exit code 1
The key issue for me here is how to pass the booking id from func 2 into the resource path in the final function. I need to transform it from int to str to concatenate with base_url and update_booking_resource, but it causes the error.
I have already tried to workaround, but it causes other mistakes like
- ‘int’ object is not subscriptable
- dict object is not callable
so I believe I have to deal with exactly this mistake but do not understand how
Answers:
So I finally found out the reason:
In the first block I had to call not the key of the dict from the method, but the method itself as only it could be considered as cookie by the function below from my general_http_methods file:
def general_put_method(url, cookies, body):
result = requests.put(url, headers=headers, cookies=cookies, json=body)
return result
And using it as the parameter in the third method straightly, without passing into update_booking_cookie_token variable.
So the final code looks like this:
"""HTTP-methods for booker API"""
import requests
import json
from workfiles import general_http_methods
base_url = 'https://restful-booker.herokuapp.com'
"""Authentication"""
def booker_auth_method():
auth_resource = '/auth'
auth_url = base_url + auth_resource
print(auth_url)
auth_body = {'username': 'admin',
'password': 'password123'}
result_auth_token = general_http_methods.general_post_method(auth_url, auth_body)
json_result_auth_token = result_auth_token.json()
value_of_the_cookie_json_result_auth_token = str(json_result_auth_token.get('token'))
adding_token_to_auth_token_value = 'token=' + value_of_the_cookie_json_result_auth_token
result_auth_cookie_token = {'Cookie': adding_token_to_auth_token_value}
print(result_auth_cookie_token)
return result_auth_cookie_token
booker_auth_method_var = booker_auth_method()
"""Creating a booking"""
def booker_create_booking_method():
create_booking_resource = '/booking'
create_booking_body = {
"firstname": 'Python',
"lastname": "Tester",
"totalprice": 111,
"depositpaid": True,
"bookingdates": {
"checkin": "2023-01-01",
"checkout": "2023-01-02"},
"additionalneeds": "Breakfast"}
create_booking_url = base_url + create_booking_resource
print(create_booking_url)
create_booking_result = general_http_methods.general_post_method(create_booking_url, create_booking_body)
str_json_create_booking_result = str(create_booking_result.json()['bookingid'])
print(create_booking_result, str_json_create_booking_result)
return str_json_create_booking_result
booker_create_booking_method_var = booker_create_booking_method()
"Updating the WHOLE booking"
def booker_update_booking_method(booker_auth_method_var, booker_create_booking_method_var):
update_booking_resource = '/booking/'
update_booking_url = base_url + update_booking_resource + booker_create_booking_method_var
update_booking_body = {
"firstname": "Python",
"lastname": "QA Engineer",
"totalprice": 777,
"depositpaid": False,
"bookingdates": {
"checkin": "2023-07-08",
"checkout": "2023-07-15"},
"additionalneeds": "ALL INCLUSIVE"}
update_booking_result = general_http_methods.general_put_method(update_booking_url, booker_auth_method_var, update_booking_body)
print(update_booking_url, update_booking_result, update_booking_result.text)
return update_booking_result
booker_update_booking_method(booker_auth_method_var, booker_create_booking_method_var)
And here is code from the general_http_methods file:
"""General HTTP-methods"""
import requests
headers = {
'Content-Type':'application/json',
'Accept':'application/json'}
def general_get_meothod(url):
result = requests.get(url)
return result
def general_post_method(url, body):
result = requests.post(url, headers=headers, json=body)
return result
def general_put_method(url, cookies, body):
result = requests.put(url, headers=headers, cookies=cookies, json=body)
return result
def general_patch_method(url, cookies, body):
result = requests.patch(url, headers=headers, cookies=cookies, json=body)
return result
def general_delete_method(url, cookies, body):
result = requests.patch(url, headers=headers, cookies=cookies, json=body)
return result
How it will help somehow in case you gonna have similar issue.
there! Currently trying to code my first program to automate an API, but got stuck at the moment where I transfer 2 arguments from earlier functions to the 3-rd function.
BTW, feel free to leave any suggestions for the whole code, apart for the error.
Here I’m authenticating and extract the cookie token:
import requests
import json
from workfiles import general_http_methods
base_url = 'https://restful-booker.herokuapp.com'
"""Authentication"""
def booker_auth_method():
auth_resource = '/auth'
auth_url = base_url + auth_resource
print(auth_url)
auth_body = {'username': 'admin',
'password': 'password123'}
result_auth_token = general_http_methods.general_post_method(auth_url, auth_body)
json_result_auth_token = result_auth_token.json()
value_of_the_cookie_json_result_auth_token = str(json_result_auth_token.get('token'))
adding_token_to_value = 'token=' + value_of_the_cookie_json_result_auth_token
result_auth_cookie_token = {'Cookie': adding_token_to_value}
print(result_auth_cookie_token)
return result_auth_cookie_token
booker_auth_method_var = booker_auth_method()['Cookie']
Then I create a booking:
"""Creating a booking"""
def booker_create_booking_method():
create_booking_resource = '/booking'
create_booking_body = {
"firstname": 'Python',
"lastname": "Tester",
"totalprice": 111,
"depositpaid": True,
"bookingdates": {
"checkin": "2023-01-01",
"checkout": "2023-01-02"},
"additionalneeds": "Breakfast"}
create_booking_url = base_url + create_booking_resource
print(create_booking_url)
create_booking_result = general_http_methods.general_post_method(create_booking_url, create_booking_body)
json_create_booking_result = create_booking_result.json()
booking_id = json_create_booking_result.get('bookingid')
print(json_create_booking_result)
print(booking_id)
return booking_id
booker_create_booking_method_var = booker_create_booking_method()
Finally, I wanna pass the return values from the 2 previous functions into the function below. To do that, I saved the return values in the variables (booker_auth_method_var, booker_create_booking_method_var) and pass them as arguments into my next function.
"Updating the WHOLE booking"
def booker_update_booking_method(booker_auth_method_var, booker_create_booking_method_var):
update_booking_resource = '/booking/'
update_booking_cookie_token = booker_auth_method_var #
update_booking_id = str(booker_create_booking_method_var) #
update_booking_url = base_url + update_booking_resource + update_booking_id
update_booking_body = {
"firstname": "Python",
"lastname": "QA Engineer",
"totalprice": 777,
"depositpaid": False,
"bookingdates": {
"checkin": "2023-07-08",
"checkout": "2023-07-15"},
"additionalneeds": "ALL INCLUSIVE"}
update_booking_result = general_http_methods.general_put_method(update_booking_url, update_booking_cookie_token, update_booking_body)
print(update_booking_cookie_token)
print(update_booking_url)
print(update_booking_result.text)
return update_booking_result
booker_update_booking_method(booker_auth_method_var, booker_create_booking_method_var)
However, at the result I get the topic error, even though I don’t even use any indices:
https://restful-booker.herokuapp.com/auth
{'Cookie': 'token=006b0313b7e7bb1'}
https://restful-booker.herokuapp.com/booking
{'bookingid': 8187, 'booking': {'firstname': 'Python', 'lastname': 'Tester', 'totalprice': 111, 'depositpaid': True, 'bookingdates': {'checkin': '2023-01-01', 'checkout': '2023-01-02'}, 'additionalneeds': 'Breakfast'}}
8187
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/usr/PycharmProjects/booker_automation/workfiles/booker_http_methods.py", line 80, in <module>
booker_update_booking_method(booker_auth_method_var, booker_create_booking_method_var)
File "/Users/usr/PycharmProjects/booker_automation/workfiles/booker_http_methods.py", line 72, in booker_update_booking_method
update_booking_result = general_http_methods.general_put_method(update_booking_url, update_booking_cookie_token,
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/Users/usr/PycharmProjects/booker_automation/workfiles/general_http_methods.py", line 20, in general_put_method
result = requests.put(url, headers=headers, cookies=cookies, json=body)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/Users/usr/PycharmProjects/autom_udemy_course_smith/lib/python3.11/site-packages/requests/api.py", line 130, in put
return request("put", url, data=data, **kwargs)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/Users/usr/PycharmProjects/autom_udemy_course_smith/lib/python3.11/site-packages/requests/api.py", line 59, in request
return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/Users/usr/PycharmProjects/autom_udemy_course_smith/lib/python3.11/site-packages/requests/sessions.py", line 573, in request
prep = self.prepare_request(req)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/Users/usr/PycharmProjects/autom_udemy_course_smith/lib/python3.11/site-packages/requests/sessions.py", line 471, in prepare_request
cookies = cookiejar_from_dict(cookies)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/Users/usr/PycharmProjects/autom_udemy_course_smith/lib/python3.11/site-packages/requests/cookies.py", line 537, in cookiejar_from_dict
cookiejar.set_cookie(create_cookie(name, cookie_dict[name]))
~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^
TypeError: string indices must be integers, not 'str'
Process finished with exit code 1
The key issue for me here is how to pass the booking id from func 2 into the resource path in the final function. I need to transform it from int to str to concatenate with base_url and update_booking_resource, but it causes the error.
I have already tried to workaround, but it causes other mistakes like
- ‘int’ object is not subscriptable
- dict object is not callable
so I believe I have to deal with exactly this mistake but do not understand how
So I finally found out the reason:
In the first block I had to call not the key of the dict from the method, but the method itself as only it could be considered as cookie by the function below from my general_http_methods file:
def general_put_method(url, cookies, body):
result = requests.put(url, headers=headers, cookies=cookies, json=body)
return result
And using it as the parameter in the third method straightly, without passing into update_booking_cookie_token variable.
So the final code looks like this:
"""HTTP-methods for booker API"""
import requests
import json
from workfiles import general_http_methods
base_url = 'https://restful-booker.herokuapp.com'
"""Authentication"""
def booker_auth_method():
auth_resource = '/auth'
auth_url = base_url + auth_resource
print(auth_url)
auth_body = {'username': 'admin',
'password': 'password123'}
result_auth_token = general_http_methods.general_post_method(auth_url, auth_body)
json_result_auth_token = result_auth_token.json()
value_of_the_cookie_json_result_auth_token = str(json_result_auth_token.get('token'))
adding_token_to_auth_token_value = 'token=' + value_of_the_cookie_json_result_auth_token
result_auth_cookie_token = {'Cookie': adding_token_to_auth_token_value}
print(result_auth_cookie_token)
return result_auth_cookie_token
booker_auth_method_var = booker_auth_method()
"""Creating a booking"""
def booker_create_booking_method():
create_booking_resource = '/booking'
create_booking_body = {
"firstname": 'Python',
"lastname": "Tester",
"totalprice": 111,
"depositpaid": True,
"bookingdates": {
"checkin": "2023-01-01",
"checkout": "2023-01-02"},
"additionalneeds": "Breakfast"}
create_booking_url = base_url + create_booking_resource
print(create_booking_url)
create_booking_result = general_http_methods.general_post_method(create_booking_url, create_booking_body)
str_json_create_booking_result = str(create_booking_result.json()['bookingid'])
print(create_booking_result, str_json_create_booking_result)
return str_json_create_booking_result
booker_create_booking_method_var = booker_create_booking_method()
"Updating the WHOLE booking"
def booker_update_booking_method(booker_auth_method_var, booker_create_booking_method_var):
update_booking_resource = '/booking/'
update_booking_url = base_url + update_booking_resource + booker_create_booking_method_var
update_booking_body = {
"firstname": "Python",
"lastname": "QA Engineer",
"totalprice": 777,
"depositpaid": False,
"bookingdates": {
"checkin": "2023-07-08",
"checkout": "2023-07-15"},
"additionalneeds": "ALL INCLUSIVE"}
update_booking_result = general_http_methods.general_put_method(update_booking_url, booker_auth_method_var, update_booking_body)
print(update_booking_url, update_booking_result, update_booking_result.text)
return update_booking_result
booker_update_booking_method(booker_auth_method_var, booker_create_booking_method_var)
And here is code from the general_http_methods file:
"""General HTTP-methods"""
import requests
headers = {
'Content-Type':'application/json',
'Accept':'application/json'}
def general_get_meothod(url):
result = requests.get(url)
return result
def general_post_method(url, body):
result = requests.post(url, headers=headers, json=body)
return result
def general_put_method(url, cookies, body):
result = requests.put(url, headers=headers, cookies=cookies, json=body)
return result
def general_patch_method(url, cookies, body):
result = requests.patch(url, headers=headers, cookies=cookies, json=body)
return result
def general_delete_method(url, cookies, body):
result = requests.patch(url, headers=headers, cookies=cookies, json=body)
return result
How it will help somehow in case you gonna have similar issue.