Asynchronous Requests with Python requests

I have also tried some things using the asynchronous methods in python, how ever I have had much better luck using twisted for asynchronous programming. It has fewer problems and is well documented. Here is a link of something simmilar to what you are trying in twisted.

http://pythonquirks.blogspot.com/2011/04/twisted-asynchronous-http-request.html

I have been using python requests for async calls against github’s gist API for some time.

For an example, see the code here:

https://github.com/davidthewatson/flasgist/blob/master/views.py#L60-72

This style of python may not be the clearest example, but I can assure you that the code works. Let me know if this is confusing to you and I will document it.

async is now an independent module : grequests.

See here : https://github.com/kennethreitz/grequests

And there: Ideal method for sending multiple HTTP requests over Python?

installation:

$ pip install grequests

usage:

build a stack:

import grequests

urls = [
    'http://www.heroku.com',
    'http://tablib.org',
    'http://httpbin.org',
    'http://python-requests.org',
    'http://kennethreitz.com'
]

rs = (grequests.get(u) for u in urls)

send the stack

grequests.map(rs)

result looks like

[<Response [200]>, <Response [200]>, <Response [200]>, <Response [200]>, <Response [200]>]

grequests don’t seem to set a limitation for concurrent requests, ie when multiple requests are sent to the same server.

from threading import Thread

threads=list()

for requestURI in requests:
    t = Thread(target=self.openURL, args=(requestURI,))
    t.start()
    threads.append(t)

for thread in threads:
    thread.join()

...

def openURL(self, requestURI):
    o = urllib2.urlopen(requestURI, timeout = 600)
    o...

I know this has been closed for a while, but I thought it might be useful to promote another async solution built on the requests library.

list_of_requests = ['http://moop.com', 'http://doop.com', ...]

from simple_requests import Requests
for response in Requests().swarm(list_of_requests):
    print response.content

The docs are here: http://pythonhosted.org/simple-requests/

maybe requests-futures is another choice.

from requests_futures.sessions import FuturesSession

session = FuturesSession()
# first request is started in background
future_one = session.get('http://httpbin.org/get')
# second requests is started immediately
future_two = session.get('http://httpbin.org/get?foo=bar')
# wait for the first request to complete, if it hasn't already
response_one = future_one.result()
print('response one status: {0}'.format(response_one.status_code))
print(response_one.content)
# wait for the second request to complete, if it hasn't already
response_two = future_two.result()
print('response two status: {0}'.format(response_two.status_code))
print(response_two.content)

It is also recommended in the office document. If you don’t want involve gevent, it’s a good one.

I tested both requests-futures and grequests. Grequests is faster but brings monkey patching and additional problems with dependencies. requests-futures is several times slower than grequests. I decided to write my own and simply wrapped requests into ThreadPoolExecutor and it was almost as fast as grequests, but without external dependencies.

import requests
import concurrent.futures

def get_urls():
    return ["url1","url2"]

def load_url(url, timeout):
    return requests.get(url, timeout = timeout)

with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=20) as executor:

    future_to_url = {executor.submit(load_url, url, 10): url for url in     get_urls()}
    for future in concurrent.futures.as_completed(future_to_url):
        url = future_to_url[future]
        try:
            data = future.result()
        except Exception as exc:
            resp_err = resp_err + 1
        else:
            resp_ok = resp_ok + 1

If you want to use asyncio, then requests-async provides async/await functionality for requests – https://github.com/encode/requests-async

I have a lot of issues with most of the answers posted – they either use deprecated libraries that have been ported over with limited features, or provide a solution with too much magic on the execution of the request, making it difficult to error handle. If they do not fall into one of the above categories, they’re 3rd party libraries or deprecated.

Some of the solutions works alright purely in http requests, but the solutions fall short for any other kind of request, which is ludicrous. A highly customized solution is not necessary here.

Simply using the python built-in library asyncio is sufficient enough to perform asynchronous requests of any type, as well as providing enough fluidity for complex and usecase specific error handling.

import asyncio

loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()

def do_thing(params):
    async def get_rpc_info_and_do_chores(id):
        # do things
        response = perform_grpc_call(id)
        do_chores(response)

    async def get_httpapi_info_and_do_chores(id):
        # do things
        response = requests.get(URL)
        do_chores(response)

    async_tasks = []
    for element in list(params.list_of_things):
       async_tasks.append(loop.create_task(get_chan_info_and_do_chores(id)))
       async_tasks.append(loop.create_task(get_httpapi_info_and_do_chores(ch_id)))

    loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.gather(*async_tasks))

How it works is simple. You’re creating a series of tasks you’d like to occur asynchronously, and then asking a loop to execute those tasks and exit upon completion. No extra libraries subject to lack of maintenance, no lack of functionality required.

You can use httpx for that.

import httpx

async def get_async(url):
    async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:
        return await client.get(url)

urls = ["http://google.com", "http://wikipedia.org"]

# Note that you need an async context to use `await`.
await asyncio.gather(*map(get_async, urls))

if you want a functional syntax, the gamla lib wraps this into get_async.

Then you can do

await gamla.map(gamla.get_async(10))(["http://google.com", "http://wikipedia.org"])

The 10 is the timeout in seconds.

(disclaimer: I am its author)

Unfortunately, as far as I know, the requests library is not equipped for performing asynchronous requests. You can wrap async/await syntax around requests, but that will make the underlying requests no less synchronous. If you want true async requests, you must use other tooling that provides it. One such solution is aiohttp (Python 3.5.3+). It works well in my experience using it with the Python 3.7 async/await syntax. Below I write three implementations of performing n web requests using

1. Purely synchronous requests (sync_requests_get_all) using the Python requests library
2. Synchronous requests (async_requests_get_all) using the Python requests library wrapped in Python 3.7 async/await syntax and asyncio
3. A truly asynchronous implementation (async_aiohttp_get_all) with the Python aiohttp library wrapped in Python 3.7 async/await syntax and asyncio

"""
Tested in Python 3.5.10
"""

import time
import asyncio
import requests
import aiohttp

from asgiref import sync

def timed(func):
    """
    records approximate durations of function calls
    """
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        start = time.time()
        print('{name:<30} started'.format(name=func.__name__))
        result = func(*args, **kwargs)
        duration = "{name:<30} finished in {elapsed:.2f} seconds".format(
            name=func.__name__, elapsed=time.time() - start
        )
        print(duration)
        timed.durations.append(duration)
        return result
    return wrapper

timed.durations = []


@timed
def sync_requests_get_all(urls):
    """
    performs synchronous get requests
    """
    # use session to reduce network overhead
    session = requests.Session()
    return [session.get(url).json() for url in urls]


@timed
def async_requests_get_all(urls):
    """
    asynchronous wrapper around synchronous requests
    """
    session = requests.Session()
    # wrap requests.get into an async function
    def get(url):
        return session.get(url).json()
    async_get = sync.sync_to_async(get)

    async def get_all(urls):
        return await asyncio.gather(*[
            async_get(url) for url in urls
        ])
    # call get_all as a sync function to be used in a sync context
    return sync.async_to_sync(get_all)(urls)

@timed
def async_aiohttp_get_all(urls):
    """
    performs asynchronous get requests
    """
    async def get_all(urls):
        async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
            async def fetch(url):
                async with session.get(url) as response:
                    return await response.json()
            return await asyncio.gather(*[
                fetch(url) for url in urls
            ])
    # call get_all as a sync function to be used in a sync context
    return sync.async_to_sync(get_all)(urls)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # this endpoint takes ~3 seconds to respond,
    # so a purely synchronous implementation should take
    # little more than 30 seconds and a purely asynchronous
    # implementation should take little more than 3 seconds.
    urls = ['https://postman-echo.com/delay/3']*10

    async_aiohttp_get_all(urls)
    async_requests_get_all(urls)
    sync_requests_get_all(urls)
    print('----------------------')
    [print(duration) for duration in timed.durations]

On my machine, this is the output:

async_aiohttp_get_all          started
async_aiohttp_get_all          finished in 3.20 seconds
async_requests_get_all         started
async_requests_get_all         finished in 30.61 seconds
sync_requests_get_all          started
sync_requests_get_all          finished in 30.59 seconds
----------------------
async_aiohttp_get_all          finished in 3.20 seconds
async_requests_get_all         finished in 30.61 seconds
sync_requests_get_all          finished in 30.59 seconds

DISCLAMER: Following code creates different threads for each function.

This might be useful for some of the cases as it is simpler to use. But know that it is not async but gives illusion of async using multiple threads, even though decorator suggests that.

You can use the following decorator to give a callback once the execution of function is completed, the callback must handle the processing of data returned by the function.

Please note that after the function is decorated it will return a Future object.

import asyncio

## Decorator implementation of async runner !!
def run_async(callback, loop=None):
    if loop is None:
        loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()

    def inner(func):
        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
            def __exec():
                out = func(*args, **kwargs)
                callback(out)
                return out

            return loop.run_in_executor(None, __exec)

        return wrapper

    return inner

Example of implementation:

urls = ["https://google.com", "https://facebook.com", "https://apple.com", "https://netflix.com"]
loaded_urls = []  # OPTIONAL, used for showing realtime, which urls are loaded !!


def _callback(resp):
    print(resp.url)
    print(resp)
    loaded_urls.append((resp.url, resp))  # OPTIONAL, used for showing realtime, which urls are loaded !!


# Must provide a callback function, callback func will be executed after the func completes execution
# Callback function will accept the value returned by the function.
@run_async(_callback)
def get(url):
    return requests.get(url)


for url in urls:
    get(url)

If you wish to see which url are loaded in real-time then, you can add the following code at the end as well:

while True:
    print(loaded_urls)
    if len(loaded_urls) == len(urls):
        break

I second the suggestion above to use HTTPX, but I often use it in a different way so am adding my answer.

I personally use asyncio.run (introduced in Python 3.7) rather than asyncio.gather and also prefer the aiostream approach, which can be used in combination with asyncio and httpx.

As in this example I just posted, this style is helpful for processing a set of URLs asynchronously even despite the (common) occurrence of errors. I particularly like how that style clarifies where the response processing occurs and for ease of error handling (which I find async calls tend to give more of).

It’s easier to post a simple example of just firing off a bunch of requests asynchronously, but often you also want to handle the response content (compute something with it, perhaps with reference to the original object that the URL you requested was to do with).

The core of that approach looks like:

async with httpx.AsyncClient(timeout=timeout) as session:
    ws = stream.repeat(session)
    xs = stream.zip(ws, stream.iterate(urls))
    ys = stream.starmap(xs, fetch, ordered=False, task_limit=20)
    process = partial(process_thing, things=things, pbar=pbar, verbose=verbose)
    zs = stream.map(ys, process)
    return await zs

where:

• process_thing is an async response content handling function
• things is the input list (which the urls generator of URL strings came from), e.g. a list of objects/dictionaries
• pbar is a progress bar (e.g. tqdm.tqdm) [optional but useful]

All of that goes in an async function async_fetch_urlset which is then run by calling a synchronous ‘top-level’ function named e.g. fetch_things which runs the coroutine [this is what’s returned by an async function] and manages the event loop:

def fetch_things(urls, things, pbar=None, verbose=False):
    return asyncio.run(async_fetch_urlset(urls, things, pbar, verbose))

Since a list passed as input (here it’s things) can be modified in-place, you can effectively get output back (as we’re used to from synchronous function calls)

Non of the answers above helped me because they assume that you have a predefined list of requests, while in my case i need to be able to listen to requests and respond asynchronously (in similar way to how it works in nodejs).

def handle_finished_request(r, **kwargs):
    print(r)


# while True:
def main():
    while True:
        address = listen_to_new_msg()  # based on your server

        # schedule async requests and run 'handle_finished_request' on response
        req = grequests.get(address, timeout=1, hooks=dict(response=handle_finished_request))
        job = grequests.send(req)  # does not block! for more info see https://stackoverflow.com/a/16016635/10577976


main()

the handle_finished_request callback would be called when a response is received. note: for some reason timeout (or no response) does not trigger error here

This simple loop can trigger async requests similarly to how it would work in nodejs server