What's the best way to store a phone number in Django models?
Question:
I am storing a phone number in model like this:
phone_number = models.CharField(max_length=12)
The user would enter a phone number and I would use the phone number for SMS authentication. This application would be used globally. So I would also need a country code. Is CharField a good way to store a phone number? And, how do I validate the phone number?
Answers:
It all depends on what you understand as a phone number. Phone numbers are country-specific. The localflavors packages for several countries contains their own "phone number field". So if you are OK being country-specific you should take a look at localflavor package (class us.models.PhoneNumberField for the US case, etc.)
Otherwise you could inspect the localflavors to get the maximum length for all countries. Localflavor also has forms fields you could use in conjunction with the country code to validate the phone number.
I will describe what I use:
Validation: The string contains more than 5 digits.
Cleaning: removing all non-digit symbols and writing only numbers to the database. I’m lucky, because in my country (Russia) everybody has phone numbers with 10 digits. So I store only 10 digits in the database. If you are writing a multi-country application, then you should make a comprehensive validation.
Rendering: I write a custom template tag to render nicely it in the template. Or even render it like a picture – it is safer to prevent SMS spam.
Validation is easy. Text them a little code to type in.
A CharField is a great way to store it. I wouldn’t worry too much about canonicalizing phone numbers.
You might actually look into the internationally standardized format E.164, recommended by Twilio for example (who have a service and an API for sending SMS or phone-calls via REST requests).
This is likely to be the most universal way to store phone numbers, in particular if you have international numbers work with.
-
Phone by PhoneNumberField
You can use the phonenumber_field library. It is a port of Google’s libphonenumber library, which powers Android’s phone number handling. See django-phonenumber-field.
In the model:
from phonenumber_field.modelfields import PhoneNumberField
class Client(models.Model, Importable):
phone = PhoneNumberField(null=False, blank=False, unique=True)
In the form:
from phonenumber_field.formfields import PhoneNumberField
class ClientForm(forms.Form):
phone = PhoneNumberField()
Get the phone as a string from an object field:
client.phone.as_e164
Normalize the phone string (for tests and other staff):
from phonenumber_field.phonenumber import PhoneNumber
phone = PhoneNumber.from_string(phone_number=raw_phone, region='RU').as_e164
-
Phone by regexp
One note for your model: E.164 numbers have a maximum character length of 15.
To validate, you can employ some combination of formatting and then attempting to contact the number immediately to verify.
I believe I used something like the following in my django project:
class ReceiverForm(forms.ModelForm):
phone_number = forms.RegexField(regex=r'^+?1?d{9,15}$',
error_message = ("Phone number must be entered in the format: '+999999999'. Up to 15 digits is allowed."))
As per jpotter6, you can do something like the following in your models as well:
File models.py:
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
class PhoneModel(models.Model):
...
phone_regex = RegexValidator(regex=r'^+?1?d{9,15}$', message="Phone number must be entered in the format: '+999999999'. Up to 15 digits allowed.")
phone_number = models.CharField(validators=[phone_regex], max_length=17, blank=True) # Validators should be a list
pip install django-phonenumber-field
Use a CharField for the phone field in the model and the localflavor app for form validation:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/topics/localflavor/
As of 2021-12-07, it looks like LocalFlavor is no longer part of Django.
Others mentioned django-phonenumber-field. To get the display format how you want you need to set PHONENUMBER_DEFAULT_FORMAT setting to "E164", "INTERNATIONAL", "NATIONAL", or "RFC3966", however you want it displayed. See the GitHub source.
This solution worked for me:
First install django-phone-field. Command:
pip install django-phone-field
Then in file models.py:
from phone_field import PhoneField
...
class Client(models.Model):
...
phone_number = PhoneField(blank=True, help_text='Contact phone number')
And in file settings.py:
INSTALLED_APPS = [...,
'phone_field'
]
It looks like this in the end:
First of all, you need to install the phone number Django package.
pip install django-phonenumber-field[phonenumbers]
Then next is to add it to the installed applications:
INSTALLED_APPS = [
...
'phonenumber_field',
...
]
This is how to use it in your model:
from phonenumber_field.modelfields import PhoneNumberField
class Artist(models.Model):
phone_number = PhoneNumberField()
First, install "django-phonenumber-field" package with the command below:
pip install django-phonenumber-field[phonenumbers]
Then, set "phonenumber_field" to INSTALLED_APPS in "settings.py":
# "settings.py"
INSTALLED_APPS = [
...
"phonenumber_field",
...
]
Then, set a field with "PhoneNumberField()" in "models.py":
# "models.py"
from django.db import models
from phonenumber_field.modelfields import PhoneNumberField
class Contact(models.Model):
phone = PhoneNumberField()
Then, register "Contact" in "admin.py":
# "admin.py"
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Contact
@admin.register(Contact)
class ContactAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
pass
Then, run the command below:
python manage.py makemigrations && python manage.py migrate
Now, the field for a phone number is created as shown below:
In addition, assign the widget "PhoneNumberPrefixWidget()" to the field in a custom form and assign the custom form to the admin as shown below:
# "admin.py"
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Contact
from django import forms
from phonenumber_field.widgets import PhoneNumberPrefixWidget
class ContactForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
widgets = {
'phone': PhoneNumberPrefixWidget(),
}
@admin.register(Contact)
class ContactAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
form = ContactForm
Now, with country codes, the field for a phone number is created
And, you can set an initial country code like initial=’US’ to "PhoneNumberPrefixWidget()" as shown below. *Initial country code must be uppercase:
# "admin.py"
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Contact
from django import forms
from phonenumber_field.widgets import PhoneNumberPrefixWidget
class ContactForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
widgets = { # Here
'phone': PhoneNumberPrefixWidget(initial='US'),
}
@admin.register(Contact)
class ContactAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
form = ContactForm
Now, with the initial country code "US" selected, the field for a phone number is created:
You can also set an initial country code with "PHONENUMBER_DEFAULT_REGION" in "settings.py" as shown below but I recommand to set an initial country code with initial=’US’ to "PhoneNumberPrefixWidget()" as I’ve done above because using "PHONENUMBER_DEFAULT_REGION" sometimes doesn’t display saved phone numbers in Django Admin:
# "settings.py"
PHONENUMBER_DEFAULT_REGION = "US"
I am storing a phone number in model like this:
phone_number = models.CharField(max_length=12)
The user would enter a phone number and I would use the phone number for SMS authentication. This application would be used globally. So I would also need a country code. Is CharField a good way to store a phone number? And, how do I validate the phone number?
It all depends on what you understand as a phone number. Phone numbers are country-specific. The localflavors packages for several countries contains their own "phone number field". So if you are OK being country-specific you should take a look at localflavor package (class us.models.PhoneNumberField for the US case, etc.)
Otherwise you could inspect the localflavors to get the maximum length for all countries. Localflavor also has forms fields you could use in conjunction with the country code to validate the phone number.
I will describe what I use:
Validation: The string contains more than 5 digits.
Cleaning: removing all non-digit symbols and writing only numbers to the database. I’m lucky, because in my country (Russia) everybody has phone numbers with 10 digits. So I store only 10 digits in the database. If you are writing a multi-country application, then you should make a comprehensive validation.
Rendering: I write a custom template tag to render nicely it in the template. Or even render it like a picture – it is safer to prevent SMS spam.
Validation is easy. Text them a little code to type in.
A CharField is a great way to store it. I wouldn’t worry too much about canonicalizing phone numbers.
You might actually look into the internationally standardized format E.164, recommended by Twilio for example (who have a service and an API for sending SMS or phone-calls via REST requests).
This is likely to be the most universal way to store phone numbers, in particular if you have international numbers work with.
-
Phone by PhoneNumberField
You can use the
phonenumber_fieldlibrary. It is a port of Google’s libphonenumber library, which powers Android’s phone number handling. See django-phonenumber-field.In the model:
from phonenumber_field.modelfields import PhoneNumberField class Client(models.Model, Importable): phone = PhoneNumberField(null=False, blank=False, unique=True)In the form:
from phonenumber_field.formfields import PhoneNumberField class ClientForm(forms.Form): phone = PhoneNumberField()Get the phone as a string from an object field:
client.phone.as_e164Normalize the phone string (for tests and other staff):
from phonenumber_field.phonenumber import PhoneNumber phone = PhoneNumber.from_string(phone_number=raw_phone, region='RU').as_e164 -
Phone by regexp
One note for your model: E.164 numbers have a maximum character length of 15.
To validate, you can employ some combination of formatting and then attempting to contact the number immediately to verify.
I believe I used something like the following in my django project:
class ReceiverForm(forms.ModelForm): phone_number = forms.RegexField(regex=r'^+?1?d{9,15}$', error_message = ("Phone number must be entered in the format: '+999999999'. Up to 15 digits is allowed."))
As per jpotter6, you can do something like the following in your models as well:
File models.py:
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
class PhoneModel(models.Model):
...
phone_regex = RegexValidator(regex=r'^+?1?d{9,15}$', message="Phone number must be entered in the format: '+999999999'. Up to 15 digits allowed.")
phone_number = models.CharField(validators=[phone_regex], max_length=17, blank=True) # Validators should be a list
pip install django-phonenumber-field
Use a CharField for the phone field in the model and the localflavor app for form validation:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/topics/localflavor/
As of 2021-12-07, it looks like LocalFlavor is no longer part of Django.
Others mentioned django-phonenumber-field. To get the display format how you want you need to set PHONENUMBER_DEFAULT_FORMAT setting to "E164", "INTERNATIONAL", "NATIONAL", or "RFC3966", however you want it displayed. See the GitHub source.
This solution worked for me:
First install django-phone-field. Command:
pip install django-phone-field
Then in file models.py:
from phone_field import PhoneField
...
class Client(models.Model):
...
phone_number = PhoneField(blank=True, help_text='Contact phone number')
And in file settings.py:
INSTALLED_APPS = [...,
'phone_field'
]
It looks like this in the end:
First of all, you need to install the phone number Django package.
pip install django-phonenumber-field[phonenumbers]
Then next is to add it to the installed applications:
INSTALLED_APPS = [
...
'phonenumber_field',
...
]
This is how to use it in your model:
from phonenumber_field.modelfields import PhoneNumberField
class Artist(models.Model):
phone_number = PhoneNumberField()
First, install "django-phonenumber-field" package with the command below:
pip install django-phonenumber-field[phonenumbers]
Then, set "phonenumber_field" to INSTALLED_APPS in "settings.py":
# "settings.py"
INSTALLED_APPS = [
...
"phonenumber_field",
...
]
Then, set a field with "PhoneNumberField()" in "models.py":
# "models.py"
from django.db import models
from phonenumber_field.modelfields import PhoneNumberField
class Contact(models.Model):
phone = PhoneNumberField()
Then, register "Contact" in "admin.py":
# "admin.py"
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Contact
@admin.register(Contact)
class ContactAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
pass
Then, run the command below:
python manage.py makemigrations && python manage.py migrate
Now, the field for a phone number is created as shown below:
In addition, assign the widget "PhoneNumberPrefixWidget()" to the field in a custom form and assign the custom form to the admin as shown below:
# "admin.py"
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Contact
from django import forms
from phonenumber_field.widgets import PhoneNumberPrefixWidget
class ContactForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
widgets = {
'phone': PhoneNumberPrefixWidget(),
}
@admin.register(Contact)
class ContactAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
form = ContactForm
Now, with country codes, the field for a phone number is created
And, you can set an initial country code like initial=’US’ to "PhoneNumberPrefixWidget()" as shown below. *Initial country code must be uppercase:
# "admin.py"
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Contact
from django import forms
from phonenumber_field.widgets import PhoneNumberPrefixWidget
class ContactForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
widgets = { # Here
'phone': PhoneNumberPrefixWidget(initial='US'),
}
@admin.register(Contact)
class ContactAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
form = ContactForm
Now, with the initial country code "US" selected, the field for a phone number is created:
You can also set an initial country code with "PHONENUMBER_DEFAULT_REGION" in "settings.py" as shown below but I recommand to set an initial country code with initial=’US’ to "PhoneNumberPrefixWidget()" as I’ve done above because using "PHONENUMBER_DEFAULT_REGION" sometimes doesn’t display saved phone numbers in Django Admin:
# "settings.py"
PHONENUMBER_DEFAULT_REGION = "US"