Pandas – pandas.DataFrame.from_csv vs pandas.read_csv

There is no real difference (both are based on the same underlying function), but as noted in the comments, they have some different default values (index_col is 0 or None, parse_dates is True or False for read_csv and DataFrame.from_csv respectively) and read_csv supports more arguments (in from_csv they are just not passed through).

Apart from that, it is recommended to use pd.read_csv.
DataFrame.from_csv exists merely for historical reasons and to keep backwards compatibility (plans are to deprecate it, see here), but all new features are only added to read_csv (as you can see in the much longer list of keyword arguments). Actually, this should be made more clear in the docs.